Combined effects of pressure and temperature on enzyme stability

Abstract

The effect of high temperature and high hydrostatic pressure on the residual hydrolytic activity of a commercial Rhizomucor miehei lipase has been studied. Inactivation at high temperature and/or high pressure was carried out. Under non-denaturing pressure conditions, results showed that pressurisation protects enzymes against thermal deactivation. This is in accordance with previous results obtained with enzymes from mesophilic sources, such as invertase and galactosidases.     

Study of semiconductor lasers under simultaneous uniaxial stress and hydrostatic pressure

Abstract

We present the design of a device for the simultaneous application of uniaxial stress and hydrostatic pressure. This new apparatus will for the first time allow measurements at constant strain. Results of the simultaneous application of uniaxial stress and hydrostatic pressure to a semiconductor laser are presented and discussed.     

Optical absorption of zinc selenide doped with cobalt (Zn1−xCoxSe) under hydrostatic pressure

Abstract

The optical absorption of the diluted magnetic semiconductor Zn_1?xCO_xSe (x = 0.02) has been measured at room temperature under hydrostatic pressure up to 14GPa in a membrane diamond-anvil cell. We found two absorption features: (i) an absorption structure in the energy range 1.6?1.8eV, with a negligible pressure shift (i.e., 0.45 ± 0.05 meV/GPa) which we have identified as the Co²⁺(3d⁷) internal transition ⁴A₂(F)→+⁴T₁(P) and (ii) an onset in the energy range 2?2.7eV which redshifts with pressure (?8.1±0.6meV/GPa). We have attributed such absorption edge to charge transfer between the ZnSe valence band and the Co²⁺(3d⁷) levels.     

Pressure effects on structural,electronic, absorption,and thermodynamic properties of crystalline 2,4,6‐triamino‐3,5‐dinitropyridine‐1‐oxide: A DFT study

Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the structural, electronic, absorption, and thermodynamic properties of crystalline 2,4,6‐triamino‐3,5‐dinitropyridine‐1‐oxide (TANPyo) in the pressure range of 0–50 GPa. The variation trends of the lattice constants, bond lengths, bond angles, intramolecular H‐bonds, and dihedral angles under compression show that there are two structural transformations at 17 and 38 GPa, respectively. The remarkable changes in the bond lengths indicate that there are two possible initiation decomposition mechanisms of TANPyo under compression. As the pressure increases, the intramolecular H‐bond strengthens. The obvious changes of the dihedral angles show that the planar structure of the TANPyo molecule is damaged under compression. Its absorption spectra show that as the pressure increases, the absorption coefficient of the N–H stretching decreases, while that of the O–H stretching increases. TANPyo has relatively high optical activity at high pressure. An analysis of thermodynamic properties indicates that both two structural transformations are endothermic and not spontaneous at room temperature. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cellular NADH and NADPH Conformation as a Real-Time Fluorescence-Based Metabolic Indicator under Pressurized Conditions

Cellular conformation of reduced pyridine nucleotides NADH and NADPH sensed using autofluorescence spectroscopy is presented as a real-time metabolic indicator under pressurized conditions. The approach provides information on the role of pressure in energy metabolism and antioxidant defense with applications in agriculture and food technologies. Here, we use spectral phasor analysis on UV-excited autofluorescence from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) to assess the involvement of one or multiple NADH- or NADPH-linked pathways based on the presence of two-component spectral behavior during a metabolic response. To demonstrate metabolic monitoring under pressure, we first present the autofluorescence response to cyanide (a respiratory inhibitor) at 32 MPa. Although ambient and high-pressure responses remain similar, pressure itself also induces a response that is consistent with a change in cellular redox state and ROS production. Next, as an example of an autofluorescence response altered by pressurization, we investigate the response to ethanol at ambient, 12 MPa, and 30 MPa pressure. Ethanol (another respiratory inhibitor) and cyanide induce similar responses at ambient pressure. The onset of non-two-component spectral behavior upon pressurization suggests a change in the mechanism of ethanol action. Overall, results point to new avenues of investigation in piezophysiology by providing a way of visualizing metabolism and mitochondrial function under pressurized conditions.     

Formulae of force at a point in the interior of a half space with shear modulus linearly varied with depth

According to a lemma and an assumption, this paper prexenis formulae of force at a point in the interior of a half space with Poisson’s ratio v = constant and shear modulus G linearly varied with depth. These formulae can be used as an approximate basic solution when the integral equation method is employed for the analysis of piles and other geotechnical engineering problems.     

Pressure assisted evolution of defects in silicon

The effect of enhanced hydrostatic pressure following heat treatment on the evolution of point defects in neutron‐irradiated Czochralski‐grown silicon is investigated using infrared spectroscopy. The behavior of oxygen‐related defects, particularly of the VO and the VO₂ centers, is mainly studied using samples subjected to heat treatment under hydrostatic pressure. It is observed that (1) pressure accelerates the annealing process of the VO defects and enhances the growth of the VO₂ complexes and (2) the VO₂ concentration is larger than expected from the corresponding decay of the VO defects. The faster decay of the VO defects is attributed to a pressure‐induced decrease of their migration energy. The larger VO₂ concentration is also discussed. One possible explanation is that pressure stimulates an additional mechanism for the formation of the VO₂ defects, which involves the reaction of oxygen dimers with vacancies. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Hydrostatic extrusion of polyethylene filled with hydroxyapatite

The hydrostatic extrusion of polyethylene filled with hydroxyapatite has been studied. It is shown that the extrusion behavior is qualitatively similar to that of unfilled polymer. Extruded products with flexural moduli of at least 10 GPa and flexural strengths of 90 MPa have been produced, which can be considered as candidates for load-bearing bone substitute materials. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水稻压致变异和高压对水稻生长发育的影响

 将高收获指数型优质籼稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种“粤香占”种子在不同条件下进行了3个生长周期的高压种子处理和实验室种植试验。稻种经高压处理后,与对照样品相比,当代种子发芽和秧苗成长较慢且植株个体差异较大;后期生长较快,分蘖数及产量与对照样持平或有所增加。受压样品产生了4种新的植株变异,其中2种为不育植株,另外两种变异植株种植至F2及F3代,变异性状都能稳定遗传。表明高压不仅可以对水稻当代植株生理产生明显的影响,而且可以诱导水稻产生明显和稳定的可遗传变异。     

极端工况双矩形腔静压推力轴承动态特性

静压推力轴承动态特性受润滑油黏度、油膜厚度和油腔面积等因素影响, 极端工况运行过程中经常承受阶跃载荷或正弦载荷作用, 突加载荷将导致静压推力轴承动态特性改变, 表现为轴承的抗冲击能力和恢复平衡所需时间的变化. 为获得高速重载微间隙极端工况条件下双矩形腔静压推力轴承动态特性, 分别在不同油膜厚度、不同润滑油黏度以及不同油腔尺寸条件下对双矩形腔静压推力轴承的动态性能进行理论分析, 探讨了阶跃载荷作用下润滑油黏度、油膜厚度和油腔面积对轴承动态性能的影响, 揭示了油膜动态变化规律, 探究了正弦载荷作用下双矩形腔静压推力轴承的稳定性. 结果表明: 润滑油黏度、油膜厚度和油腔尺寸变化对其动态性能有很大的影响. 润滑油黏度越大、油膜厚度越小、油腔面积越大突加载荷作用下润滑油膜抵抗冲击的能力越强, 旋转工作台受到突加外力作用下恢复至平衡状态所用时间越短. 双矩形腔静压推力轴承油膜具有较大的阻尼系数, 轴承具有极强的抵抗正弦加载作用的能力