圆柱形超高静水压水听器设计与测试

(本文介绍了一种应用于20Hz~20kHz频段、最大工作深度5000米的超高静水压水听器,水听器敏感元件采用厚壁压电陶瓷圆管,高强度复合泡沫去耦,通过对敏感元件及水听器结构进行合理设计,保证水听器具有高的耐压强度。设计了一种圆柱形高静压耦合腔,根据耦合腔声学和力学条件,确定了腔体尺寸及厚度,在国内首次实现了最高50MPa压力下的水听器低频灵敏度测试。测试结果表明,水听器常压下接收灵敏度响应平坦,在常压到50MPa压力范围内,水听器低频接收灵敏度最大变化小于2dB,表明该型水听器具有良好的压力稳定性,可在深海资源勘测、深海通讯等方面获得广泛应用。)     

Effect of plating and incubation conditions on the detection of lactic acid bacteria after high hydrostatic pressure treatment

ABSTRACT

Lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus fermentum) were subjected to high hydrostatic pressures (HHPs) of 400 and 600?MPa at 25°C for 10?min in phosphate-buffered saline. Differential plating methods were applied to evaluate HHP-treated cell populations, assuming that healthy and injured cells during plate incubation survived maximum and minimal stress, respectively. The stress was altered by using several selective media in combination with aerobic or anaerobic incubation at 25°C or 30°C. E. faecalis was detectable after 600?MPa treatment while L. mesenteroides and L. fermentum were nondetectable. Specific combinations of incubation conditions were suggested to determine maximum and minimum viable counts of L. mesenteroides and E. faecalis. The difference between the maximum and minimum counts can be used to evaluate HHP-injured population with reduced risks to overestimate healthy and/or underestimate HHP-injured cells.     

Interactive effect of pressure and temperature on the preservation of rat primary-cultured astrocytes and human glioblastoma cell line A172

Environmental factors such as temperature and pressure are important determinants of cell survival. Although the effect of temperature on cell preservation has been previously reported, the effects of pressure, an equally important thermodynamic parameter, have not been sufficiently investigated. In this study, we investigated the effect of temperature and pressure on cellular viability, morphology, adhesiveness, cell death, cell cycle and glucose metabolism in rat primary-cultured astrocytes and A172 human glioblastoma cell line subjected to 4-day preservation. It was revealed that under favorable preservation conditions (temperature: 15°C–20°C, pressure: 0.1–30?MPa) (1) cell morphology and adhesiveness of preserved cells were maintained similar to freshly isolated cells; (2) cell cycle was arrested; (3) glucose uptake and intra/extra-cellular pH decrease were suppressed. These results suggest that lowering temperature to 15°C–20°C or increasing pressure up to 30?MPa at temperatures of 20°C–25°C can reduce cellular metabolism and maintain cell-membrane fluidity, thus resulting in higher viability.     

超高压处理对海参自溶酶活性影响的研究

 海参的超高压处理与传统的处理方法相比有许多优越性,具有十分广阔的应用前景。研究了超高压处理过程中压力（0.1~550 MPa）、保压时间（0~30 min）、温度（24~62 ℃）及保压方式对海参自溶酶活性的影响。在室温、保压20 min的条件下,200 MPa左右较低压力下酶活性降低,相对残存活性为88.25%;250 MPa较高压力下自溶酶被激活,酶活性为106.77%;550 MPa高压下酶活性最低为29.81%。自溶酶活性随保压时间和温度的增加先上升后下降;保压方式对自溶酶活性的影响不大。同时利用误差反向传播神经网络（Back Propagation Neural Network,BP人工神经网络）,模拟了超高压钝酶效果,与实验结果比较,平均相对误差为0.9%,可以获得较好的预测结果。研究结果表明,在一定的压力、保压时间和温度下,酶被激活,其活性上升;而在一定的压力、保压时间和温度下,酶被钝化,活性降低。对优化海参超高压钝酶工艺具有一定的参考价值。     

Free boundary fluid flow in a trough: A numerical approach

This paper examines the slow flow of a viscous liquid in an open rectangular container, one side (the base) of which moves steadily along its own plane, thereby providing the driving force the liquid needs. Unlike the two vertical sides that are rigid and stationary, the top side is left open so that the upper part of the liquid is in contact with air and is being controlled by surface tension and gravity. A numerical procedure for obtaining solutions for the cases when the capillary numbers are small is provided and the curves of the free boundaries obtained here are presented for some flow parameters. The deviation of the shape of the free boundary is observed to be strongly dependent on the aspect ratio of the boundary (i.e., the ratio of the vertical to horizontal spread of the liquid) with its curvature changing sign in the interval [1, 1.5].     

High Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment of Oysters (Crassostrea gigas)—Impact on Physicochemical Properties,Texture Parameters,and Volatile Flavor Compounds

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment is a non-thermal processing technology, which is widely used in the food processing field at present. In this study, the effects of HHP treatment (100~500 MPa for 5 min) on the physicochemical properties, texture parameters, and volatile flavor compounds of oysters were investigated. The results showed that HHP treatment increased the water content while reducing the crude protein and ash content of the oyster. Texture parameters showed that HHP treatment improved the hardness, springiness, chewiness, and cohesiveness of oysters, compared with the control group. In addition, the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content was slightly increased after HHP treatment, while the difference in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content was not significant. Furthermore, HHP increased hexenoic aldehyde, 2,4-heptadienal, 1-octene-3-ol, and 2-octen-1-ol and decreased the contents of 3. 6-nadien-1-ol, 3-octanone, and 2-undecanone, suggesting that HHP might inhibit the fishiness of oyster and showed a positive effect on its flavor. Based on the above results, HHP improved the edible qualities such as texture properties and volatile flavor of oysters. This meets the requirements of consumers on the edible quality of seafood and provides new ideas for the development of seafood.     

一套基于六面顶高压装置的静水压高频介电测试系统

 以一套6×14 400 kN六面顶高压装置和一台Agilent 4294A精密阻抗分析仪为主体,建立了一套静水压高频介电实时测试系统。通过固体传压介质预成型方法,解决了液体测试腔在固体传压介质中的密封以及包括4根微同轴电缆在内的多根测量导线引出密封边问题,将常压下通用的四同轴阻抗谱测试技术引入了高压研究。液体测试腔容积可达(Φ13×15) mm³,可同时容纳10 mm×10 mm样品、高频测试夹具、温度与压力传感器、加热装置,以及包括4根外径为1.6 mm、特性阻抗为50 Ω微同轴电缆在内的16根引线,进行室温至300 ℃、常压至3 GPa 静水压力、测试频率40 Hz~5 MHz范围材料的四线阻抗谱测量,实验误差小于3%。利用这套装置观察了室温下,BaTiO₃单晶在约2.6 GPa静水压力下的压致铁电-顺电相变。     

Influence of elastic foundations and carbon nanotube reinforcement on the hydrostatic buckling pressure of truncated conical shells

In this study, the effects of elastic foundations(EFs) and carbon nanotube(CNT) reinforcement on the hydrostatic buckling pressure(HBP) of truncated conical shells(TCSs) are investigated. The first order shear deformation theory(FOSDT) is generalized to the buckling problem of TCSs reinforced with CNTs resting on the EFs for the first time. The material properties of composite TCSs reinforced with CNTs are graded linearly according to the thickness coordinate. The Winkler elastic foundation(W-EF...     

Bioaccessibility of Betalains in Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Juice under Different High-Pressure Techniques

The influence of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCD) on the bioaccessibility of betalains in beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) juice was investigated. Freshly squeezed juice (FJ) was treated at a mild temperature of 45 °C for 10 min (T45), pasteurization at 85 °C for 10 min (T85), HHP at 200, 400, and 500 MPa at 20 °C for 5 min (HHP200, HHP400, HHP500) and SCCD at 10, 30 and 60 MPa at 45 °C for 10 min (SCCD10, SCCD30, SCCD60). The juice was subjected to an in vitro digestion system equipped with dialysis. The content of betalains was measured with the aid of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the antioxidant capacity (AC) (ABTS•+, DPPH•) was analyzed during each digestion step, and the bioaccessibility of betacyanins and betaxanthins was assessed. The SCCD at 30 and 60 MPa significantly increased pigments’ bioaccessibility compared with other samples. The 30 MPa proved particularly advantageous, as it increased the bioaccessibility of the total betacyanins and the betaxanthins by 58% and 64%, respectively, compared to the T85 samples. Additionally, higher bioaccessibility of betacyanins was noted in HHP200 and HHP400, by 35% and 32%, respectively, compared to FJ, T45, and T85 samples. AC measured by ABTS•+ and DPPH• assays were not unequivocal. However, both assays showed significantly higher AC in SCCD60 compared to T85 (21% and 31%, respectively). This research contributed to the extended use of the HHP and/or SCCD to design food with higher health-promoting potentials.     

Hybridization between σ- and z-co-ordinates for improving the internal pressure gradient calculation in marine models with steep bottom slopes

It is discussed in this paper how the pressure gradient error in general vertical co-ordinate models (in which the σ-transformation is a special case) can be reduced by means of hybrid models. For a better understanding, the derivation of such a general vertical co-ordinate model from the Cartesian co-ordinate model is given. Two types of hybridization between σ- and z-co-ordinate models, each using one parameter specifying the degree of hydridization, are presented: (i) the mixed layer transformation with a constant number of layers which are refined near the surface and (ii) the z/σ-transformation which introduces steps near the bottom. In order to achieve good results with the models using other than σ-co-ordinates, a profile-conserving momentum advection discretization is developed. The different co-ordinate transformations are tested with 2D barotropic and baroclinic flows over a topographic bump. Those models with nearly horizontal co-ordinate surfaces in the stratified area give the best correspondence with an isopycnal reference solution. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.