The response of temperature and hydrostatic pressure of zinc-blende GaxIn1-xAs semiconducting alloys

<正>The electronic band structure of Ga_xIn_1-xAs alloy is calculated by using the local empirical pseudo-potential method including the effective disorder potential in the virtual crystal approximation.The compositional effect of the electronic energy band structure of this alloy is studied with composition x ranging from 0 to 1.Various physical quantities such as band gaps,bowing parameters,refractive indices,and high frequency dielectric constants of the considered alloys with different Ga concentrations are calculated.The effects of both temperature and hydrostatic pressure on the calculated quantities are studied.The obtained results are found to be in good agreement with the available experimental and published data.     

Numerical simulation of the vertical structure of discontinuous flows

A numerical method to solve the Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes equations with the presence of discontinuities is outlined and discussed. The pressure is decomposed into the sum of a hydrostatic component and a hydrodynamic component. The numerical technique is based upon the classical staggered grids and semi‐implicit finite difference methods applied for quasi‐ and non‐hydrostatic flows. The advection terms in the momentum equations are approximated in order to conserve mass and momentum following the principles recently developed for the numerical simulation of shallow water flows with large gradients. Conservation of these properties is the most important aspect to represent near local discontinuities in the solution, following from sharp bottom gradients or hydraulic jumps. The model is applied to reproduce the flow over a step where a hydraulic jump forms downstream. The hydrostatic pressure assumption fails to represent this type of flow mainly because of the pressure deviation from the hydrostatic values downstream the step. Fairly accurate results are obtained from the numerical model compared with experimental data. Deviation from the data is found to be inherent to the standard k–ε model implemented. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mechanical characterization and modeling of polymeric materials for high-pressure sealing

The choice of a proper material is probably the most critical factor in the design of seals able to withstand extremely high pressure, and knowledge of material mechanical properties is essential for the finite-element model (FEM) simulations needed to understand and optimize seal behavior. The aim of this work is the mechanical characterization of polymeric materials for ultrahigh-pressure sealing applications (600 MPa). After a short presentation of seal design and materials commonly used, the testing of four thermoplastic materials is described: PA6, H-TPU and UHMWPE reinforced with glass or ceramic microspheres to enhance wear resistance. Uniaxial tension and compression, shear and planar tension test were performed as well as a stress relaxation test to gain information about viscoelastic effects. Experimental data are then discussed and elasto-plastic and hyperelastic constitutive models for polymeric materials reviewed, focusing on the application of these models at high pressure. The Young's modulus and yield strength are very sensitive to hydrostatic pressure for polymeric materials and a proposal for the implementation in the FEM of this effect is illustrated.     

Use of pulsed-high hydrostatic pressure treatment to decrease patulin in apple juice

This study was aimed at reducing patulin content of apple juice using a non-thermal method, namely pulsed-high hydrostatic pressure (p-HHP). Commercially available clear apple juice was contaminated artificially with different concentrations of patulin (5, 50 and 100?ppb). Then, the samples were processed 5?min at different pressure treatments (300–500?MPa) in combination with different temperatures (30–50°C) and pulses (6 pulses?×?50?s and 2 pulses?×?150?s). To compare the impact of pulses, single pulse of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment was also applied with the same pressure/temperature combinations and holding time. Results indicated that pressure treatment in combination with mild heat and pulses reduced the levels of patulin in clear apple juice up to 62.11%. However, reduction rates did not follow a regular pattern. p-HHP was found to be more effective in low patulin concentrations, whereas HHP was more effective for high patulin concentrations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study using p-HHP to investigate the reduction of patulin content in apple juice.     

Phase Diagrams Semicrystalline Polymer–Liquid Revisited: Isotactic Polypropylene-Dibutyl Phthalate and Other Systems

The full phase diagram of an isotactic polypropylene (i-PP)–dibutyl phthalate (DBP) mixture is for the first time constructed by an optical method and discussed within the concept of semicrystalline polymers as microheterogeneous liquids with a three-dimensional network structure. It is demonstrated that the liquidus in this and other polymer–solvent systems is not thermodynamically equivalent to the liquidus in low molecular weight (MW) mixtures. Qualitatively different thermal behavior of those two types of binary systems in the liquidus vicinity is corroborated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. In the former case, a liquid-solid transition resulting in the formation of polymer crystallites does not lead to separating the mixture into crystalline and amorphous phases. On cooling, the system remains macroscopically single phase until the low MW liquid can be fully dissolved in the amorphous regions of the polymer. The correct location of the corresponding borderline is crucially important for the microporous membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). It is also argued that the topology of a phase diagram polymer–low MW liquid does not depend on whether the polymer is amorphous or crystalline.     

Hydrostatic equilibrium and Tsallis’ equilibrium for self-gravitating systems

Self-gravitating systems are generally thought to behavior non-extensively due to the long-range nature of gravitational forces. We discuss a relation between the nonextensive parameter q of Tsallis statistics, the temperature gradient and the gravitational potential based on the equation of hydrostatic equilibrium for self-gravitating systems. It is suggested that the nonextensive parameter in Tsallis statistics has a clear physical meaning with regard to the non-isothermal nature of the systems with long-range interactions. Tsallis’ equilibrium distribution for the self-gravitating systems describes the property of hydrostatic equilibrium of the systems.     

静压下Znse/Zn1-xCdxSe应变超晶格的光致发光研究

本文首次在室温和0-2.5GPa静压范围内研究了Znse/Zn0.74Cd0.26Se应变超晶格的静压光致发光,观察到了室温条件下的超晶格阱层的重空穴激子跃迁随压力的亚线性变化的特性.经过计算机拟合实验数据得到了一阶和二阶压力系数.理论计算得到的一阶压力系数与实验得到的压力系数符合得较好.     

水雷保险器水压膜贮存寿命预测

本文以水雷保险器水压膜贮存失效数据为研究对象,建立了水压膜贮存统计模型,采用周期测量数据失效时刻划分的方法,将不完全失效数据转换为区间数据;提出了基于对数正态分布族和基于极值分布族的水压膜贮存寿命预测方法,对水雷其它零部件的寿命预测具有一定的参考价值。     

高静水压诱导黄瓜稳定遗传变异系的分子分析

 采用高静水压法诱变了黄瓜品种S9925-3,产生了两个稳定的可遗传变异株。采用30对随机配对引物,对该品种的原种及两个变异株进行了扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）分析。结果表明原种与两个变异植株之间存在明显的多态性。从聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上切下6个差异明显的条带进行DNA测序,并将获得的DNA序列与NCBI（National Center for Biotechnology Information）数据库中的黄瓜DNA数据进行比对分析,确定了变异位点,找到了变异黄瓜系表型变化的可能原因。首次完成了对高静水压处理引起的黄瓜稳定遗传变异系的分子水平分析。研究结果表明,高静水压技术是一种有效的改良作物品系的新诱变工具。     

Hydrostatic pressure effect on Tc of new BiS2‐based Bi4O4S3 and NdO0.5F0.5BiS2 layered superconductors

We investigate the external hydrostatic pressure effect on the superconducting transition temperature (T_c) of new layered superconductors Bi₄O₄S₃ and NdO_0.5F_0.5BiS₂. Though the T_c is found to have a moderate decrease from 4.8 K to 4.3 K (dT_c^onset/dP = –0.28 K/GPa) for Bi₄O₄S₃ superconductor, the same increases from 4.6 K to 5 K (dT_c^onset/dP = 0.44 K/GPa) up to 1.31 GPa followed by a sudden decrease from 5 K to 4.7 K up to 1.75 GPa for NdO_0.5F_0.5BiS₂ superconductor. The variation of T_c in these systems may be correlated to an increase or decrease of the charge carriers in the density of states under externally applied pressure. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)