Variational formulation of the material failure process in solids by embedded discontinuities model

This work presents a variational formulation of the material failure process, idealized as strain or displacement discontinuities, by weak, strong, or discrete embedded discontinuities into a continuum. It is shown that the solution of the proposed variational formulation may be approximated by different types of finite elements with embedded discontinuities. The developed displacement approximation of a finite element split by the discontinuity leads to a symmetric stiffness matrix, which considers not only the continuity of tractions but also the rigid body relative motions of the portions in which the element is split. The variational formulation of a continuum with more than one discontinuity in its interior is developed. It is shown that this formulation may lead to finite elements with embedded discontinuities that can be classified as displacement, force, mixed, and hybrid models. To show the effectiveness of the proposed formulation, the classical example of a bar under tension is solved using one and 2D finite element approximations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009     

货运列车的编组调度问题的研究

对于货运列车的编组调度问题,建立了以压缩中时和增加运量为双目标、多约束的0-1规划模型,采用逐步紧缩中时约束的方法得到了问题一的调度方案.在此基础上对装载特别物资的车辆施加更强的中时约束得到了问题二的调度方案.提出了列车匹配系数的概念并建立了列车最优配对原则,根据该原则对列车进行优化编组得到了问题三的调度方案.基于问题二的数据转换处理得到了问题四的调度方案.     

A Control Simulation Method of High-Speed Trains on Railway Network with Irregular Influence

Based on the discrete time method, an effective movement control model is designed for a group of high-speed trains on a rail network. The purpose of the model is to investigate the specific traffic characteristics of high-speed trains under the interruption of stochastic irregular events. In the model, the high-speed rail traffic system is supposed to be equipped with the moving-block signalling system to guarantee maximum traversing capacity of the railway. To keep the safety of trains' movements, some operational strategies are proposed to control the movements of trains in the model, including traction operation, braking operation, and entering-station operation. The numerical simulations show that the designed model can well describe the
movements of high-speed trains on the rail network. The research results can provide the useful information not only for investigating the propagation features of relevant delays under the irregular disturbance but also for rerouting and rescheduling trains on the rail network.     

基于动平台多源数据的运动目标测量方法研究

根据运动目标性能试验需求及试验平台的特点,建立一个影像数据测量系统,实现目标的运动视频记录和外部参数测量。采用基于OpenCV的棋盘格内参数标定结合基于平台上固定标识点、线为基准的外场标定的摄像机标定方法,采用高速影像数据、中线视频数据和GPS数据相结合的方法实现目标运动的轨迹、姿态等参数的测量。通过测量精度分析及多次试验结果证明,测量精度达到水平方向优于10 cm,高程方向优于5 cm,姿态精度优于05。     

THE REVIEW OF HIGH-SPEED IMAGING AND LOAD TEST TECHNOLOGIES FOR BUBBLE DYNAMICS

气泡运动学和动力学一直为流体力学研究热点之一. 近年来,高速摄影技术和气泡载荷测试设备发展迅速,为人们研究气泡行为和载荷分析提供了强有力的支持. 本文综述高速摄影和载荷测试技术在气泡动力学中的应用与发展. 首先,简要回顾气泡现象的成因和分类;其次,详述高速摄影技术在捕获气泡形态中的应用;再次,回顾和讨论了气泡载荷测试设备以及试验手段的发展;最后,在上述基础上提出了一些尚需进一步完善的问题.     

Shock-unsteadiness model applied to oblique shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interaction

Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes prediction of shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions can yield significant error in terms of the size of the separation bubble. In many applications, this can alter the shock structure and the resulting surface properties. Shock-unsteadiness modification of Sinha et al. (Physics of Fluids, Vol.15, No.8, 2003) has shown potential in improving separation bubble prediction in compression corner flows. In this article, the modification is applied to oblique shock wave interacting with a turbulent boundary layer. The challenges involved in the implementation of the shock-unsteadiness correction in the presence of multiple shock waves and expansion fans are addressed in detail. The results show that a robust implementation of the model yields appreciable improvement over standard k–ω turbulence model predictions.     

采用BCB平整技术的高速850 nm垂直面发射激光器

垂直腔面发射激光器因其具有低阈值、低功耗、可实现高速调制等优势,广泛地应用于光通信和光互连等领域。寄生电容是影响激光器的调制带宽的主要因素之一。本文通过采用低k值的苯并环丁烯（BCB）平整技术有效地降低了垂直腔面发射激光器的寄生电容。详细研究了BCB平整技术的最优工艺参数,为未来高速垂直腔面发射激光器的制造技术提供参考。低k值BCB平整垂直腔面发射激光器在7 μm氧化孔径下3 dB小信号调制带宽可达15.2 GHz。     

多角度耦合分幅相机光学系统设计

为实现高速相机的分幅功能,本文提出一种采用多角度耦合分幅方式的高速相机光学系统。该系统分幅结构采用多组相同的光学系统,在平行于物面的圆周上均匀分布,分别从不同角度拍摄同一物面,在保证各组系统的物方视场相同的情况下,每组光学系统的光轴与物平面的夹角均相同,通过优化设计得到全视场的最佳成像。根据需求,使用光学设计软件设计了多角度耦合四分幅成像中长焦光学系统并绘制三维立体仿真模型,分析了每组像面像质、照度以及畸变等相关参数,调制传递函数MTF在频率为50 lp/mm处不低于0.5,F数为2,畸变小于0.4%,相较于常用的棱镜和反射棱锥分光方式,无需额外分光结构,像面照度提高4倍以上。结果表明成像质量理想,分幅相机系统各像面所成像一致性高。     

RDX/HMX颗粒炸药落锤撞击点火-燃烧机理

对单质炸药受低速撞击的力学和化学响应研究,是进行炸药敏感性评价的基础。利用配备了光学观测的落锤撞击装置,实现了频率为1.5×105 s-1的实时观测,不但可以区分样品的“爆”或“不爆”,而且可以获取RDX和HMX颗粒炸药受落锤低速撞击变形、破碎、溅射、点火和燃烧随时间演化的特征。结果表明:RDX颗粒是在液相中点火,而HMX颗粒在固相中点火; 燃烧反应前常常发生剧烈的溅射现象,溅射是由气相反应产物释放能量推动破碎的颗粒所致。对比了单个和单层颗粒炸药响应的特点,多个颗粒由于热点密集和破碎后相互作用,其燃烧反应比单个颗粒燃烧反应更剧烈。根据图像处理估算燃烧波传播速度,很好地表征了样品宏观燃烧反应的剧烈程度。     

方孔障碍物对瓦斯火焰传播影响的实验与大涡模拟

为揭示置障管道内甲烷/空气预混火焰传播特性,运用高速摄影技术对甲烷/空气预混火焰的形状变化和火焰前锋的速度特性进行实验,并利用大涡模拟对管道内的流场结构进行数值分析。结果表明:置障管道内依次出现了球形火焰、指尖形火焰及“蘑菇”状火焰,且“蘑菇”状火焰出现之后,火焰开始反向传播;“蘑菇”状火焰是双涡旋结构与火焰前锋面相互作用的结果,而火焰的反向传播是由流场中出现逆流结构引起的;障碍物对火焰前锋有明显的加速作用;大涡模拟成功再现了实验中观察到的火焰形状、火焰前锋速度及流场结构,说明大涡模拟适用于置障管道内预混火焰传播特性的研究。