Location and orientation of the N,N-diisopropylethylamine template molecule in the AlPO4-18 framework by X-ray synchrotron diffraction and molecular modelling

Phase pure AlPO4 with the AlPO4-18 (AEI) structure was synthesised using N,N-diisopropylethyla-mine as a template. Using a combination of X-ray powder diffraction and computational methods, the location and orientation of the N,N-diisopropylethylamine molecules inside the cages of the AEI structure were determined. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that the number of template molecules per unit cell was consistent with the diffraction study. We unequivocally show that only one template molecule is present in each cage of the crystalline AEI material. Our work demon-strates that a combined approach enables accurate structure resolution of such complex materials.     

AlF3包覆天然石墨负极材料的制备及其电化学性能

以天然石墨为原料,通过机械高速分散设备将天然石墨和AlF₃在液相介质中充分混合,混合液喷雾干燥后获得颗粒形态均匀分散的AlF₃包覆天然石墨（NG）复合负极材料（AF/NG）。一方面AlF₃包覆层有助于在天然石墨表面形成稳定的SEI膜,提升材料的循环稳定性;另一方面AlF₃的引入改善了锂离子在天然石墨内外的迁移与扩散,提升复合材料的倍率性能,0.5C倍率下放电比容量达到278 mAh·g^-1,同等倍率下比未包覆AlF₃样品提高了78 mAh·g^-1。合成工艺简单易管控,适合规模化商业生产。     

Electrochemical DNA Biosensor Based on Partially Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Carbon Ionic Liquid Electrode for the Detection of Transgenic Soybean A2704‐12 Gene Sequence

In this work a partially reduced graphene oxide (p‐RGO) modified carbon ionic liquid electrode (CILE) was prepared as the platform to fabricate an electrochemical DNA sensor, which was used for the sensitive detection of target ssDNA sequence related to transgenic soybean A2704‐12 sequence. The CILE was fabricated by using 1‐butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate as the binder and then p‐RGO was deposited on the surface of CILE by controlling the electroreduction conditions. NH₂ modified ssDNA probe sequences were immobilized on the electrode surface via covalent bonds between the unreduced oxygen groups on the p‐RGO surface and the amine group at the 5′‐end of ssDNA, which was denoted as ssDNA/p‐RGO/CILE and further used to hybridize with the target ssDNA sequence. Methylene blue (MB) was used as electrochemical indicator to monitor the DNA hybridization. The reduction peak current of MB after hybridization was proportional to the concentration of target A2704‐12 ssDNA sequences in the range from 1.0×10^?12 to 1.0×10^?6 mol/L with a detection limit of 2.9×10^?13 mol/L (3σ). The electrochemical DNA biosensor was further used for the detection of PCR products of transgenic soybean with satisfactory results.     

Gas storage of simple molecules in boron oxide nanocapsules

The capability of the B₂₀O₃₀ nanocapsule to store H₂, N₂, CO, CO₂, NH₃, CH₄, and Cl₂ molecules on the outer surface and inside of the cage was investigated using Monte Carlo simulations, long‐range and dispersion corrected density functional theory, and Møller–Plesset second‐order perturbation theory. Also, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to investigate the adsorption behavior of larger number of guest molecules inserted into and onto the larger B₈₀O₁₂₀ and B₂₀O₃₀@B₈₀O₁₂₀ cages. Absolute localized molecular orbitals energy decomposition analysis was used to describe the nature of intermolecular interactions in these endohedral and exohedral complexes. It is found that the hydrogen and ammonia gases are diffused to the inside of spherical B₂₀O₃₀ capsule, while other guest molecules prefer to interact with the outer surface of spherical and pyramidal capsules. For B₈₀O₁₂₀, up to 26 H₂ and 11–14 N₂, CO, CO₂, NH₃, and CH₄ molecules are stored inside the capsule. The residual molecules are adsorbed on the outer surface of nanocapsule. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

染料敏化太阳能电池对电极La2Mo2O7复合MWCNTs非Pt催化剂的制备与性能

通过高温固相法对醋酸镧（C₆H₉O₆La·xH₂O）与高钼酸铵（（NH₄）₆Mo₇O₂₄·4H₂O）在一定条件下热解制备非Pt催化剂La₂Mo₂O₇（La₂O₃-2MoO₂）。进一步采用2种方法将La₂Mo₂O₇与多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）进行复合,一种是将La₂Mo₂O₇喷涂到MWCNTs表层之上得到La₂Mo₂O₇/MWCNTs,另一种是将两者均匀混合掺杂得到La₂Mo₂O₇@MWCNTs,再将上述2种复合材料应用于染料敏化太阳能电池对电极进行相应研究。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）表征了复合催化材料的微观形貌,X射线衍射（XRD）确定了微观结构。采用电流密度-光电压曲线、循环伏安,交流阻抗以及塔菲尔极化分析了材料的光电性能。实验结果表明在电解液I₃^-/I^-中,基于La₂Mo₂O₇/MWCNTs与La₂Mo₂O₇@MWCNTs的对电极,相同的条件下在光电池中获得的光电转换效率分别为6.09%和4.84%,明显高于MWCNTs的3.94%和La₂Mo₂O₇的0.87%。电极性能的提高可归因于La₂Mo₂O₇复合催化剂相对大的比表面积和高导电性。     

泡沫铝负载钌基催化剂应用于N2O的低温催化分解研究

将导热性能良好的泡沫铝作为载体,羰基钌为前驱体制备了一系列不同形态的钌基催化剂应用于N2O的低温催化分解研究.采用XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM、BET、H2-TPR等方法对催化剂进行了表征,于石英管固定床反应器上对催化剂性能进行了评价.重点考察了泡沫铝作为催化剂载体的可行性、载体的处理方法对催化剂活性的影响以及RuO2、Ru、Ru3(CO)12所表现出的活性差异.结果表明:泡沫铝作为催化剂载体,能够促进N2O的催化分解;泡沫铝经H2O2处理有利于提高其对活性中心的附着力,提高催化活性;N2O浓度为1%,Ru负载量为0.3%,活性中心分别为Ru3(CO)12、Ru、RuO2时,N2O完全转化温度依次为285、380和415℃;活性较高的Ru3(CO)12/泡沫铝催化剂在长时间作用后活性组分转变为RuO2.     

PEG接枝氧化石墨烯的制备与细胞成像

通过酯化反应将不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG)接枝到氧化石墨烯(GO)表面,得到系列GO-PEG。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对GO-PEG的结构和形貌进行了表征,用热重分析(TGA)测定了GO-PEG中PEG的接枝量。SEM结果表明GO-PEG的剥离程度高于GO。GO-PEG在磷酸盐缓冲溶液中具有良好的分散稳定性,稳定性与接枝量呈正相关。GO-PEG通过非共价键合作用对荧光素(Flu)的负载量可达1.75 mg·mg-1,且负载量受接枝量影响;另外,GO-PEG对Flu的释放行为具有pH值触发药物释放性能。将接枝PEG的端羟基与Flu共价键合,所得GO-PEG6000-Flu荧光探针实现了对HepG2细胞的成像。     

可充镁电池正极材料PTMA/石墨烯

本文制备了聚4-甲基丙烯酸-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氮氧自由基酯(PTMA)/石墨烯纳米复合材料,并报道了其作为可充镁电池正极材料的电化学性能.通过傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)表征复合材料的结构和形貌;循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试其电化学性能.粒径10 nm左右的PTMA颗粒分散在具有导电作用的石墨烯表面;在"一代"电解液Mg(AlCl2BuEt)2/四氢呋喃(THF)(0.25 mol L-1)中,22.8mA g-1充放电电流密度下,PTMA/石墨烯复合材料的起始放电容量可达到81.2 mAh g-1.研究结果表明,含有自由基的有机化合物可以作为可充镁电池的一类新型正极材料,可以进一步通过使用具有高氧化分解电压的电解液来提高其放电容量.     

Fe2O3/TiO2纳米管阵列的制备及其光催化性能

在钛基体上采用阳极氧化法制备了TiO₂纳米管阵列,采用化学浴方法在TiO₂纳米管阵列上修饰了Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和紫外可见漫反射光谱等手段对材料进行了表征,同时测试了材料的光电化学性能及其光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料废水的性能.结果表明,Fe₂O₃纳米颗粒的修饰将TiO₂纳米管阵列的光响应拓宽至可见光区域,提高了光电流,Fe₂O₃/TiO₂纳米管阵列的光电流是未修饰的TiO₂纳米管阵列的9倍.而在光催化反应中,亚甲基蓝最高降解率可达80%,比未修饰的TiO₂纳米管阵列高出30%.     

特种合金钢系列标准物质研制

介绍了特种合金钢系列标准物质的研制过程。采用合理的冶炼锻轧工艺,选取不同部位的样品进行均匀性检验,确定了15种元素的认定值及扩展不确定度,并进行了线性、一致性考察以及与国内外同类标准物质的比对。结果表明,本套特种合金钢系列标准物质的均匀性良好,定值准确且有良好的梯度分布。