黄土区秸秆腐殖化溶解性有机质对土壤铅赋存形态的影响机制

重金属是土壤中最具代表性的污染物之一,重金属的赋存形态直接关系到其生理毒性和迁移行为,是重金属污染研究的重要方向。重金属形态与环境条件关系密切,鉴于土壤系统的高度复杂性,相近条件下的重金属形态转化行为也可能不尽相同。相关研究目前尚未有统一定论,成为有待验证的理论问题。在实验了解秸秆腐殖化DOM性质 (紫外光谱、三维荧光光谱和红外光谱) 的基础上,借助Tessier连续提取-AAS法分析DOM作用下铅的形态转化规律,据此建立溶解性有机碳 (DOC) 与有机结合态铅的线性关系,并辅以FTIR明确DOM官能团对铅形态转化的贡献。结果发现：DOM紫外吸收主峰位于229 nm处,荧光组分集中于λ_ex/em=250/350 nm,λ_ex/em=250/450 nm和λ_ex/em=330/450 nm区域,归属为紫外区类富里酸和可见光区类腐殖酸荧光峰。DOM的官能团组成比较复杂,—OH,CO,N—H等振动峰比较明显。DOM能够影响黄土铅的赋存形态,其存在有助于降低可交换态、铁锰氧化态和残渣态铅含量,但对碳酸盐结合态铅含量影响甚微。DOC含量与有机结合态铅含量正相关(r=0.691 8),表明DOM可以有效络合铅离子;DOM中的—OH,CO, —COOH等基团对铅离子的形态转化具有关键作用。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时检测大米中的6种重金属元素

采用微波消解技术,建立了电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定大米中Pb,Cd,As,Tl,Cr和V6种重金属元素的方法。完善了样品前处理条件,优化了仪器工作参数,并选取115In,209Bi和45Sc作为内标元素,有效地克服了基体效应和仪器波动的影响。在最优的实验条件下,方法的检出限为0.067~27.5ng/L,测定元素的标准曲线相关系数均大于0.999。方法经国家一级植物标准物质验证,结果与推荐值相符。     

重金属的生物吸附机理及吸附平衡模式研究*

各种生物吸附剂包括海洋微生物、发酵工业的菌丝体废渣及活性污泥的提取物等对金属离子的吸附特性已被广泛研究,本文就生物体对金属离子的吸附机理及吸附平衡模式研究进行了综述,阐明了今后的研究方向。     

重金属污染土壤植物修复的强化措施研究进展

植物修复是一种有着巨大市场潜力的治理重金属污染土壤的技术,由于影响植物修复效率的因素较多,至今实际应用还很少。针对目前植物修复技术的不足,主要从植物本身的性能、重金属的生物有效性以及农艺管理措施等三方面,综述了近年来国内外有关植物修复强化措施的研究进展,并展望了今后该领域的研究方向。     

电化学传感分析平台测定污水中的Cr(VI)

结合微型电化学仪器,研究了一种快速、便携、灵敏的Cr(VI)电化学传感分析平台,用于污水中Cr(VI)的检测。采用三电极体系,差分脉冲阴极溶出伏安法(DPCSV),记录伏安曲线中Cr(VI)的还原峰。Cr(VI)的溶出峰电流与其浓度在2～500 μmol L-1范围内有良好的线性关系,测得Cr(VI)的检测限为0.55 μmol L-1 (28.60 g L-1),达到了国际卫生组织（WHO）规定的饮用水中Cr(VI)的最高含量50 g L-1。测得镀铬厂废水中Cr(VI)含量为2.03 mol L-1,与国标法中光谱学分析法的结果基本一致。该法重现性好、灵敏度高,使其应用在现场实时监测环境中的Cr(VI)具有很大的潜力。     

负载型纳米二氧化钛对重金属离子吸附性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化钛溶胶, 将其浸渍在硅胶上, 合成了负载型纳米二氧化钛材料, 以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对其进行了表征. 以ICP-AES为检测手段, 系统地研究了负载型纳米TiO₂材料对重金属离子Cd^2＋, Cr^3＋, Cu^2＋和Mn^2＋的吸附性能. 结果表明, 在pH 8～9范围内, 所研究的重金属离子均可被定量富集, 吸附的金属离子可用0.5 mol/L的HNO₃完全解脱. 负载型纳米二氧化钛对Cd^2＋, Cr^3＋, Cu^2＋和Mn^2＋的静态吸附容量分别为8.3, 13.1, 12.6和5.1 mg/g, 与未负载的纳米二氧化钛相近. 将其应用于环境标准样品中Cd^2＋, Cr^3＋, Cu^2＋和Mn^2＋的分离富集与测定, 结果满意.     

Analysis of the interaction between the ? meson and nucleus

In this study, we systematically investigate the ? meson and nucleus interaction by analyzing and fitting the cross sections of \begin{document}$ \gamma N $\end{document}\begin{document}$ \rightarrow \phi $\end{document}N reactions near the threshold, where N represents the nucleus. Using the vector meson dominant model, the distribution of the ?-N scattering length is presented as a function of energy, and the results show that there is a slight increase in scattering length with increasing energy. Based on this, the average scattering length of a ?-proton is obtained as\begin{document}$ 0.10\pm0.01 $\end{document} fm by combining experimental data and theoretical models. Moreover, the average scattering length of the ?-deuteron interaction is derived to be \begin{document}$ 0.014\pm0.002 $\end{document} fm for the first time. Furthermore, the effect of the momentum transfer \begin{document}$|t_{{\rm min}}|$\end{document} on the ?-N scattering length at the threshold is discussed. The obtained results not only provide important theoretical information for a more comprehensive and accurate study of the ?-N scattering length, but also a basis for future experimental measurements of ? meson production.     

Measurement of J/ψ leptonic width with the KEDR detector

We report a new precise determination of the leptonic widths of the J/psi meson performed with the KEDR detector at the VEPP-4M e^＋e^- collider. The measured values of the J/psi parameters are： Гee×Гee/P = 0.3323±0.0064 （stat.）±0.0048 （syst.） keV,Гee×Гμμ/Г = 0.3318±0.0052 （stat.） ±0.0063 （syst.） keY. Assuming eμ universality and using the table value of the branching ratios the leptonic Г11 = 5.59 ± 0.12 keV width and the total Г = 94.1±2.7 keV widths were obtained. We also discuss in detail a method to calculate radiative corrections at a narrow resonance.     

Study of pure annihilation decays Bd,s→DOD-O

Within the heavy quark limit and the hierarchy approximation Λqcd << Md << Mb,we analyze the B→DOD-O and Bs→ DOD-O decays,which occur purely via annihilation type diagrams.As a rough estimate,we calculate their branching ratios and CP asymmetries in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach.The branching ratio of B→ DOD-O is about 3.8×10-5 that is just below the latest experimental upper limit.The branching ratio of Bs→ DOD-O is about 6.8 × 10-4,which could be measured in LHC-b.From the calculation,it is found that this branching ratio is not sensitive to the weak phase angle γ.In these two decay modes,there exist CP asymmetries because of the interference between weak and strong interaction.However,these asymmetries are too small to be measured easily.     

Structure formation in heavy metal oxyhydrates at low rates of gel formation

Oxyhydrate gels have a hydrophilic surface, due to which they undergo destruction and secondary polymerization in aqueous media. Prolonged storage in aqueous solution gives rise to regions with selfsimilar helical ordering in gels. Structuring of this kind is also observed when synthesis is conducted under conditions that provide low gelation rates. Electromagnetic UV and visible radiation is another means to change the gel structure; it makes the oligomer species pass into the excited state, due to which one of the directions of structuring becomes dominant. This work summarizes the results of computer simulation of gel agglomerates. For oxyhydrate systems, helical ordering was found to be one of the local energy minima. The units of a macrohelix can lie at various angles relative to one another, and they can change, after absorption of energy, the helix pitch and the order of elements in the helix.