Asymptotic Solution of the Problem of Heat Transfer between Two Plates and a Uniform Fluid Flow

For low Peclet numbers, analytic expressions are obtained for three highest terms of the asymptotic expansion of the solution of the convective heat-transfer problem for a system consisting of two parallel plates with identical lengths identical and constant surface temperatures and an infinite uniform fluid flow with a low Prandtl number.     

Steady-State dynamics of a linear structure weakly coupled to an essentially nonlinear oscillator

We present a theoretical study of the dynamics of the coupled system of Jiang, McFarland, Bergman, and Vakakis. It comprises a harmonically excited linear subsystem weakly coupled to an essentially nonlinear oscillator. We explored the rich dynamics exhibited by this coupled system by determining its periodic responses and their bifurcations. Not surprisingly, we found a lot of interesting dynamics over a broad frequency range: cyclic-fold, Hopf, symmetry-breaking, and period-doubling bifurcations; phase-locked motions; regions with multiple coexisting solutions; hysteresis; and chaos. We did not find any occurrence of energy transfer via modulation (also known as zero-to-one internal resonance); theoretically, the possibility of its occurrence was ruled out for systems with weak nonlinearity and damping. Finally, we investigated the ef fectiveness of the so-called nonlinear energy sink (NES) in vibration attenuation of forced linear structures. We found that the NES results in an increase in the vibration amplitude of the linear subsystem, especially when the damping is low, contrary to the claim made by Jiang et al. Also, we did not find any indication of nonlinear energy pumping or localization of energy in the NES, away from the directly forced linear subsystem, indicating that the NES is not ef fective for controlling the vibrations of forced linear structures.     

Scalable Preparation of Complete Stereo-Complexation Polylactic Acid Fiber and Its Hydrolysis Resistance

Due to their high sensitivity to temperature and humidity, the applications of polylactic acid (PLA) products are limited. The stereo-complexation (SC) formed by poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and its enantiomer poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) can effectively improve the heat resistance and hydrolysis resistance of PLA products. In this work, the blended melt-spinning process of PLLA/PDLA was carried out using a polyester fiber production line to obtain PLA fiber with a complete SC structure. The effects of high-temperature tension heat-setting on the crystalline structure, thermal properties, mechanical properties, and hydrolysis resistance were discussed. The results indicated that when the tension heat-setting temperature reached 190 °C, the fiber achieved an almost complete SC structure, and its melting point was 222.5 °C. An accelerated hydrolysis experiment in a 95 °C water bath proved that the SC crystallites had better hydrolysis resistance than homocrystallization (HC). The monofilament strength retention rate of SC−190 fiber reached as high as 78.5% after hydrolysis for 24 h, which was significantly improved compared with PLLA/PDLA drawn fiber.     

Functional Characterization of an Arabidopsis Profilin Protein as a Molecular Chaperone under Heat Shock Stress

Profilins (PFNs) are actin monomer-binding proteins that function as antimicrobial agents in plant phloem sap. Although the roles of Arabidopsis thaliana profilin protein isoforms (AtPFNs) in regulating actin polymerization have already been described, their biochemical and molecular functions remain to be elucidated. Interestingly, a previous study indicated that AtPFN2 with high molecular weight (HMW) complexes showed lower antifungal activity than AtPFN1 with low molecular weight (LMW). These were bacterially expressed and purified to characterize the unknown functions of AtPFNs with different structures. In this study, we found that AtPFN1 and AtPFN2 proteins have LMW and HMW structures, respectively, but only AtPFN2 has a potential function as a molecular chaperone, which has never been reported elsewhere. AtPFN2 has better protein stability than AtPFN1 due to its higher molecular weight under heat shock conditions. The function of AtPFN2 as a holdase chaperone predominated in the HMW complexes, whereas the chaperone function of AtPFN1 was not observed in the LMW forms. These results suggest that AtPFN2 plays a critical role in plant tolerance by increasing hydrophobicity due to external heat stress.     

Heat Capacity Estimation Using a Complete Set of Homodesmotic Reactions for Organic Compounds

Reliable information about isobaric heat capacities C_P is necessary to determine the energies of organic compounds and chemical processes at an arbitrary temperature. In this work, the possibility of theoretical estimation of C_P by the homodesmotic method is analyzed. Three cases of C_P calculation applying the methodology of the complete set of homodesmotic reactions (CS HDRs) are considered: the gas- and liquid-phase C_P of organic compounds of various classes at 298 K (the mean absolute value of reaction heat capacity, MA ΔC_P = 1.44 and 2.83 J/mol·K for the gas and liquid phase, correspondingly); and the gas-phase C_P of n-alkanes C₂–C₁₀ in the temperature range of 200–1500 K with an average error in calculating the heat capacity of 0.93 J/mol·K. In the latter case, the coefficients of the Shomate equation are determined for all n-alkanes that satisfy the homodesmoticity condition. New values of gas- and liquid-phase heat capacities are obtained for 41 compounds. The CS HDRs-based approach for estimating the C_P of organic compounds is characterized by high accuracy, which is not inferior to that of the best C_P-additive schemes and allows us to analyze the reproducibility of the calculation results and eliminate unreliable reference data.     

The Influence of Yb Doping and Sintering Conditions on the Magnetocaloric and Mechanical Properties of EuS

For this work, europium monosulfide (EuS) powders were prepared by sulfurizing Eu₂O₃ powder with CS₂ gas. The synthesized EuS powders were sintered by SPS at temperatures in the 800–1600 °C range for 0.33–1 h at 50 MPa under vacuum conditions. The influences of Yb doping and sintering conditions on the magnetocaloric and mechanical properties of EuS were investigated systematically. An increase in sintering temperature caused the rise of lattice parameters of EuS, whereas Yb doping caused them to drop. SEM showed that the grain size of the EuS increased with sintering temperatures in the 1000–1400 °C range. Higher sintering temperatures can enlarge the magnetizability and saturation magnetization of EuS compact. On the contrary, Yb doping can weaken the magnetizability and saturation magnetization of EuS compact. All sintered polycrystalline EuS compacts had weaker thermomagnetic irreversibility and lower magnetic anisotropy.     

切向气流对激光加热材料的影响

在重复频率YAG激光加载下,研究了30CrMnSiA钢片分别处于空气自然对流和切向强迫气流环境中不同的温度响应。实验用红外热像仪对靶前表面的温度进行了实时诊断,结果表明,在激光作用下,靶材的温升与靶前表面的对流换热状况有较大的关系,当靶面存在马赫数为0.1左右的切向气流时,材料的温升曲线明显低于靶处于空气自然对流环境下的温升曲线,气流与靶面的对流换热使得材料的激光加工所需能量或功率增加。这与应用热边界层换热动力学理论得到的结论一致。     

大气压力对激光辐照双层板接触传热的影响

考虑激光辐照下结构变形对双层板接触传热影响可以更真实地反映两板间的传热情况,通过实验和数值模拟分析了大气压力对接触传热的影响。结果表明：大气压力对接触热阻影响非常明显,当大气压力超过一定值后,双层板界面始终接触,后板中心的温升阶段成类抛物形状;当大气压力在某一范围内,大气压力与温度矩产生的靶板挠度相当,接触面时分时合,后板的温升阶段成振荡式类线性增加;当大气压力小于某一特定值时,后板温度有一突跃过程,通过适当的设计有可能观测到该现象。     

高功率TEA CO2激光器气体循环系统的设计

阐述了气体循环系统对高功率TEA CO2激光器的重要作用,分析了系统参数、结构组成及其设计。以体积流量法确定放电区气体流速,采用对称式的结构布局,选用轴流压气机和板翅式热交换器,加入系统附加阻力以确定风机静压参数。研究出的气体循环系统,放电区气体平均流速84.8 m/s,流速不均匀度纵向4.2%、横向0.38%;光学支架振动加速度4×10-2 m/s2,振动位移2.6×10-7 m。在放电体积2.5×10-3 m3、单脉冲注入能量276 J、放电脉宽150 ns条件下,实现了重复频率400 Hz均匀稳定的持续辉光放电,输出了高平均功率激光。     

“就像从帽子里拎出兔子”——从陈难先的一个工作说起

扼要介绍了声子比热和黑体辐射的逆问题,以及陈难先用数论莫比乌斯反演定理给出的解.英国《自然》（Nature）杂志主编玛多仕对陈难先这个工作的长篇评论,对促成和推动这一领域随后20年来的快速发展起了重要的作用.