Gravitation in the Fractal D = 2 Inertial Universe: New Phenomenology in Spiral Discs and a Theoretical Basis for MOND

A particular interpretation of Mach's Principle led us to ask if it was possible to have a globally inertial universe that was irreducibly associated with a non-trivial global matter distribution, Roscoe [1]. This question received a positive answer, subject to the condition that the global matter distribution is necessarily fractal, D = 2. The present paper shows how gravitational processes can arise in this universe. We begin by showing how classical Newtonian gravitation arises from point-source perturbations of this D = 2 inertial background. We then use the insights gained from this initial analysis to arrive at a general theory for arbitrary material distributions. We illustrate the process by using it to model an idealized spiral galaxy. One particular subclass of solutions, (the logarithmic spiral) has already been extensively tested (Roscoe [2, 3]), and shown to resolve large samples of optical rotation curve data to a very high statistical precision. These analyses also led to the discovery of a major new phenomenology in spiral discs—that of discrete dynamical classes, [3]. In this paper, we analyse the theory more comprehensively, showing how this phenomenology has a possible explanation in terms of an algebraic consistency condition which must necessarily be satisfied.Of equal significance, we apply the theory with complete success to the detailed modelling of eight Low Surface Brightness spirals (LSBs) which, hitherto, have been successfully modelled only by the MOND algorithm (Milgrom [5–7]. We are able to conclude that the essence of the MOND algorithm must be contained within the presented theory.     

分子间存在引力实验的改进

“分子引力”实验是初中物理“分子运动论”教学中的一个重要的验证性演示实验.传统的演示实验存在着实验现象不明显,成功率不高,不便于学生观察等缺陷.利用甘油能增加液体膜韧性的特点,利用液体膜拉动吸管运动可以让学生很直观地观察到分子间的引力,降低学生对于微观现象的理解难度.     

Gauge coupling unification with extra Higgs doublets

Gauge coupling unification is studied within the framework where there are extra Higgs doublets and E₆ exotic fields. Supersymmetric models and nonsupersymmetric models are investigated, and a catalog of models with gauge coupling unification is presented.     

An asymptotic approximation of the Fokker–Planck model of evolution of superthermal ultrarelativistic particles in the presence of interaction scaling

The evolution of a superthermal relict plasma component is studied using a nonequilibrium model of the Universe [1] and a kinetic equation of the Fokker–Planck type [2]. Given is the evidence of two maxima in the distribution of superthermal particles. The first maximum can further evolve into an equilibrium distribution, whereas the second one can result in a high-energy tail of superthermal relict particles. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 87–91, February, 2009.     

Particle production in higher derivative theory

The effect of particle production on the evolution of the spatially flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker cosmological model during the early stages of the universe is analysed in the framework of higher derivative theory. The universe has been considered as an open thermodynamic system where particle production gives rise to a supplementary negative creation pressure in addition to the thermodynamic pressure. The dynamical behaviour of both exponential as well as power law solutions have been discussed.     

The Coupling Constants for.an Electroweak Model with an SU（4）PS ×SU（4）EW Unification Symmetry

We introduce the sequence of spontaneous symmetry breaking of a coupling between Pati-Salam and electroweak symmetries SU（ 4 ）PS × SU（ 4 ）EW in order to establish a mathematically consistent relation among the coupling constants at grand unification energy scale. With the values of baryon minus lepton quantum numbers of known quarks and leptons, by including right-handed neutrinos, we can lind the mixing angle relations at different energy levels up to the electromagnetic U（1）EM scale.     

Adhesion Probability of Colloidal Particles with Repulsive Soft Interaction

Computer simulations of the irreversible adhesion of charged colloidal particles at a solid/liquid interface are performed to determine whether the distribution of particles in the vicinity of a preadsorbed (also charged) one follows the Boltzmann law applied to ana prioriuniform adhesion probability, as first assumed by Adamczyket al.(J. Colloid Interface Sci.140, 123 (1990)). If true, this would indicate that the whole information on the deposition process is contained in the potential energy distribution on the adsorbing surface. In general, diffusion in a field of force and the irreversibility of the process induce significant deviations from the Boltzmann-weighted uniform adhesion density. Nevertheless, it is shown that for particles characterized by a small gravitational energy this procedure leads to a reasonable first approximation of the distribution of the particles over the adsorbing surface. This observation thus demonstrates the validity of Adamczyk's assumption and extends its range of applicability to the case of a weak gravitational field.     

The End Results of General Relativity Theory Via Just Energy Conservation and Quantum Mechanics

Herein we present a whole new approach that leads to the end results of the general theory of relativity via just the law of conservation of energy (broadened to embody the mass and energy equivalence of the special theory of relativity) and quantum mechanics. We start with the following postulate. Postulate: The rest mass of an object bound to a celestial body amounts less than its rest mass measured in empty space, and this, as much as its binding energy vis-á-vis the gravitational field of concern.     

The flyby anomaly and the effect of a topological torsion current

A new variational technique determines the general condition of equilibrium of a rotating gravitational or electromagnetic system (or both) and provides a modified dynamical equation of motion from where it emerges a so-far unforseen topological torsion current (TTC) (Pinheiro, 2013) [63]. We suggest that the TTC may explain, in a simple and direct way, the anomalous acceleration detected in spacecrafts during close planetary flybys. In addition, we theorize that TTC may represent a novel relationship between linear momentum and angular motion through the agency of a vector potential.     

Unification of gravitational and strong nuclear fields

Using the recently derived Evans wave equation of unified field theory, the strong nuclear field is described with an SU(3) representation of the gravitational field and the Gell-Mann color triplet is derived from general relativity as a three-spinor eigenfunction of the Evans wave equation.