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21.
Yousef Bisabr 《International Journal of Theoretical Physics》2004,43(10):2137-2148
We investigate a conformal invariant gravitational model which is taken to hold at early universe. The conformal invariance allows us to make a dynamical distinction between the two unit systems (or conformal frames) usually used in cosmology and elementary particle physics. In this model we argue that when the universe suffers phase transition, the resulting mass scale introduced by particle physics should have a variable contribution to vacuum energy density. This variation is controlled by the conformal factor which is taken as a dynamical field. We then deal with the cosmological consequences of this model. In particular, we shall show that there is an inationary phase at early times. At late times, on the other hand, it provides a mechanism which makes a large effective cosmological constant relax to a sufficiently small value. Moreover, we shall show that the conformal factor acts as a quintessence field that leads the universe to accelerate at late times. 相似文献
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Franois Lavaud Michel Fontanille Yves Gnanou 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(19):4964-4975
Studies on the anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate in tetrahydrofuran and in the presence of sparteine have revealed a beneficial effect due to this additive, resulting in a decrease in the extent of termination. Better control of the definition of the polymers formed can thus be achieved in the presence of this additive. On the other hand, macromolecular engineering requires a range of active species concentrations lower than 10?3 mol L?1 and particularly the synthesis of polymers of high molar masses. For a better understanding of the mechanism of chain growth under such concentration conditions, the kinetics of polymerization have been investigated with a technique based on adiabatic calorimetry. Sparteine has been found to lack sufficient cation‐binding power to prevent the propagating enolate ion pairs from aggregating. The rate constant of propagation of nonaggregated species has been estimated, as well as the aggregation constant of equilibrium. For very low initiator concentrations, termination reactions have been shown to profoundly alter the control of the polymerization and to prevent a quantitative monomer conversion. Theoretical maximal conversions have been calculated from kinetic data and compare well with the experimental values. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4964–4975, 2004 相似文献
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The diffraction efficiency and morphology of the transmission modes of holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystals were studied with respect to the molecular structure of poly(urethane acrylate) (PUA), the film (polymer/liquid crystal) and resin (oligomer/monomer) compositions, and the cell thickness. PUA, based on N‐vinylpyrrolidone and ethyl hexyl acrylate, with low‐molecular‐weight poly(propylene glycol) at a low oligomer content, showed high diffraction efficiency. The results were interpreted in terms of the monomer reactivity and polymer elasticity. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 613–620, 2004 相似文献
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Per B. Zetterlund Kazuki Miyake Kunihiro Goto Bunichiro Yamada 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(11):2640-2650
A detailed investigation of addition–fragmentation chain transfer (AFCT) in the free‐radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of methyl α‐(bromomethyl)acrylate (MBMA) was carried out to elucidate mechanistic details with efficient macromonomer synthesis as an underlying goal. Advanced modeling techniques were used in connection with the experimental work. Curve fitting of simulated and experimental molecular weight distributions with respect to the rate coefficient for addition of propagating radicals to MBMA (kadd) over 60–120 °C resulted in Eadd = 21.7 kJ mol?1 and Aadd = 2.18 × 106 M?1 s?1 and a very weak temperature dependence of the chain‐transfer constant (Eadd ≈ Ep). The rate coefficient for fragmentation of adduct radicals at 60 °C was estimated as kf ≈ 39 s?1 on the basis of experimental data of the MMA conversion and the concentration of 2‐carbomethoxy‐2‐propenyl end groups. The approach developed is generic and can be applied to any AFCT system in which copolymerization does not occur and in which the resulting unsaturated end groups do not undergo further reactions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2640–2650, 2004 相似文献
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神经网络法计算镉(Ⅱ),羟基及碳酸根三元体系的形态分布 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用前馈线笥网络BP算法,计算了Cd62+-OH^-CO^2-3三元体系的累积稳定常数。用Hopfield反馈网络研究了体系中络合物的形态分布。溶液中溶解的CO2对lgβ1的计算结果有重要影响,对lgβ2,lgβ3,lgβ4的结果影响不大。 相似文献
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用紫外光直接在光纤内写入布拉格反射光栅的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用紫外光直接在光纤内写入布拉格反射光栅的实验研究杜卫冲谭华耀*刘颂豪华南师范大学,激光生命科学研究所,广州510631*香港理工大学,电机系自1989年Meltaz[1]首次提出采用两束波长位于掺Ge-石英光纤吸收带内的相干紫外激光相干涉,从侧面照射... 相似文献
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用反向调制照明法分析光栅成像效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
提出了用反向调制照法明分析光栅成像效应的观点,研究了光栅系统的反向衍射干涉效应,成功地揭示了泰伯效应与劳效应的内在联系,并在白光双光栅衍射干涉的“消色效应”的基础上获得了白光扩展光源照明下白光光栅成像效应和具有实用意义的四光栅干涉系统。 相似文献