缺口件多轴疲劳寿命预估新方法

局部应力应变法(LSSM)以危险点处的局部应力应变历程进行寿命评价,忽略了非比例附加强化及缺口附近应力梯度对疲劳损伤的影响.论文通过分析裂纹萌生面(临界面)上剪应力和正应力分布状态,提出一种计算缺口件多轴疲劳损伤影响区的数学计算方法,建立考虑法向正/剪应力梯度与非比例附加强化效应的寿命预估模型.首先,基于能量法和临界面理论,借助坐标变换原理将应变能密度最大的材料平面定义为临界面,建立确定裂纹萌生方向的计算方法.其次,以临界面上特定路径为积分方向,将缺口件三维问题转化为线性问题,简化计算过程.综合考虑峰值应力和等效应力场强对多轴疲劳寿命的贡献度,建立表征缺口件多轴疲劳损伤演化过程的损伤参量.最后,通过TC4合金和Q345钢多轴疲劳试验验证论文模型的可行性和精确度,并与LSSM法、FS模型、SWT模型进行对比分析.     

高功率光学元件校正波前的梯度均方根指标

对高功率固体激光装置中,光学元件波前经过变形镜校正后的梯度均方根指标开展了研究。建立了变形镜校正效果的等效分解方法,分析了校正波前的部分相干叠加特性,对校正波前的梯度均方根与焦斑尺寸的对应关系进行了研究。解决了在有变形镜校正时,如何制定元件波前梯度均方根指标的问题。研究结果对高功率固体激光装置的光学元件波前指标制定有指导意义。     

基于梯度聚类离散思想的磁流变抛光自适应轨迹

针对磁流变抛光过程中抛光轨迹会引入迭代误差的问题,设计了步长和行距随光学表面梯度自适应变化的光栅线抛光轨迹。首先根据光学元件的表面误差分布,利用标准五点法获得面形各点的梯度值,再基于聚类离散思想将所有面形点根据梯度值大小进行了归类,从而得到轨迹步长和行距随面形误差变化的自适应轨迹。在自研的磁流变加工机床上进行了实验研究,将一块直径50 mm的微晶玻璃,从峰谷值为65 nm、均方根值为12 nm收敛到峰谷值为21 nm、均方根值为2.5 nm,并且在加工后的表面功率谱密度曲线上没有出现明显的尖峰误差。实验结果表明,这种自适应轨迹能有效抑制中高频误差。     

光梯度力与激光捕获

从电偶极子在非均匀电磁场中所受梯度力出发,用光的电磁理论和电解质小球的电偶极子模型,论述了介质小球在光场中所受光梯度力与光强梯度成正比,并以此来定量说明激光对介质小球的捕获原理.     

阵列微流控浓度梯度网络用于细胞-化学刺激反应研究

设计和制作了具有5组平行浓度梯度形成网络和30个细胞培养池的微流控芯片,该芯片集成了细胞接种、培养、梯度浓度化学刺激、标记和检测等功能单元。芯片为玻璃-PDMS杂合结构,微流控通道刻蚀于玻璃层。芯片细胞培养池设计了系列围堰结构以利于细胞贴壁。细胞接种、灌流培养和试剂引入通过外接微量注射泵控制完成。该芯片可以生成连续、稳定的平行浓度梯度。观察发现,围堰结构有利于细胞接种和生长,乳腺癌MCF-7细胞在芯片灌流培养条件下生长良好。利用该芯片检测了在接受As2O3和乙酰丝氨酸(NAC)梯度浓度刺激后乳腺癌MCF-7细胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平以及细胞阿霉素敏感性的变化,分析乳腺癌细胞阿霉素敏感性与细胞内GSH水平的关系。MCF-7细胞内GSH水平的变化与刺激药物浓度呈剂量-效应依赖关系,在接受As2O3刺激后GSH水平有所下降;而在接受NAC刺激后GSH水平有所升高。MCF-7细胞阿霉素敏感性与GSH水平相关。在降低GSH水平后药物敏感性升高;而升高细胞内GSH水平后敏感性降低。这种阵列微流控浓度梯度网络可以用于高通量细胞-化学刺激反应研究,有潜力成为细胞水平大规模药物筛选的技术平台。     

Mathematical Models for Unstable Quantum Systems and Gamow States

We review some results in the theory of non-relativistic quantum unstable systems. We account for the most important definitions of quantum resonances that we identify with unstable quantum systems. Then, we recall the properties and construction of Gamow states as vectors in some extensions of Hilbert spaces, called Rigged Hilbert Spaces. Gamow states account for the purely exponential decaying part of a resonance; the experimental exponential decay for long periods of time physically characterizes a resonance. We briefly discuss one of the most usual models for resonances: the Friedrichs model. Using an algebraic formalism for states and observables, we show that Gamow states cannot be pure states or mixtures from a standard view point. We discuss some additional properties of Gamow states, such as the possibility of obtaining mean values of certain observables on Gamow states. A modification of the time evolution law for the linear space spanned by Gamow shows that some non-commuting observables on this space become commuting for large values of time. We apply Gamow states for a possible explanation of the Loschmidt echo.     

高功率激光系统随机相位屏的特性研究

 高功率激光系统中随机相位屏的统计模型出发,分析了其相位噪声及梯度的一阶和二阶统计性质。研究了完全相干光与部分相干光通过随机相位屏后的传输性质,推导得出部分相干光在经过随机相位屏后,其交叉谱密度的期望等于随机相位屏透过率函数的期望与入射光交叉谱密度的乘积。对该模型下的远场分布进行了数值模拟。结果显示,能量对称分布的完全相干光通过相位干屏后,只有通过随机相位屏透过率函数期望的远场分布是对称的;部分相干光在传输通过随机相位屏后,其谢尔模光束性质不会改变,但光强分布不再具有对称性,且强度明显降低。     

基于改进NAS-RIF的三维显微图像盲复原

对二维NAS-RIF算法进行了改进,并将它用于三维显微图像复原,分别用模拟样本和真实生物样本进行了实验。针对原算法对噪声有放大作用,提出了基于中值滤波去噪的改进。在支持域的确定、最小点的搜索上进行改进,提高复原质量。改进了原算法仅适用于均匀背景的不足,扩大了应用范围。实验结果表明,该算法在三维显微图像盲复原中具有较好的效果。     

Spatio-Temporal Variation of the Bacterial Communities along a Salinity Gradient within a Thalassohaline Environment (Saline di Tarquinia Salterns,Italy)

The “Saline di Tarquinia” salterns have been scarcely investigated regarding their microbiological aspects. This work studied the structure and composition of their bacterial communities along the salinity gradient (from the nearby sea through different ponds). The communities showed increasing simplification of pond bacterial diversity along the gradient (particularly if compared to those of the sea). Among the 38 assigned phyla, the most represented were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Differently to other marine salterns, where at the highest salinities Bacteroidetes dominated, preponderance of Proteobacteria was observed. At the genus level the most abundant taxa were Pontimonas, Marivita, Spiribacter, Bordetella, GpVII and Lentibacter. The α-diversity analysis showed that the communities were highly uneven, and the Canonical Correspondence Analysis indicated that they were structured by various factors (sampling site, sampling year, salinity, and sampling month). Moreover, the taxa abundance variation in relation to these significant parameters were investigated by Generalized Linear Models. This work represents the first investigation of a marine saltern, carried out by a metabarcoding approach, which permitted a broad vision of the bacterial diversity, covering both a wide temporal span (two years with monthly sampling) and the entire salinity gradient (from the nearby sea up to the crystallisation ponds).     

腔内双压电变形镜光强分布优化

报道了把20单元双压电变形镜作为闪光氪灯泵浦的Nd:YAG激光器的腔镜,优化激光器输出光束远场强度分布的实验结果。变形镜由随机并行梯度下降算法控制,以相机采集到的激光束远场环围能量作为算法的评价指标,控制双压电变形镜的面形向远场能量分布更加集中的方向变化。结果表明：系统在20 s内将远场光斑中的多个亮斑校正为单个亮斑,峰值光强与优化前相比提高了5倍;在腔镜倾斜较大时,实验系统将激光器的输出功率由0.006~0.051 W提升至0.330 W,验证了实验系统的有效性。