Mixing properties of mim diodes in the infrared

Point contact MIM diodes of different materials have been tested as harmonic mixers at 29 THz and 88 THz. From the analysis of the I-V static characteristic quantitative informations have been obtained about the effectiveness of the diodes as high order mixers.     

Experimental and computational studies of intracomplex reactions in Mg+(primary, secondary alkylamine) complexes induced by photoexcitation of Mg+

We report herein a comprehensive study of photoinduced reactions in complexes of Mg+ with primary (n-propyl- and isopropylamine) and secondary amines (dipropyl- and diisopropylamine) in the spectral range of 230-440 nm. Similar to the methyl- and ethylamine complexes studied previously, N-H bond activation of these complexes is very unfavorable. Instead, the C(alpha)-C, C-N, and C(alpha)-H bond-cleavage photoproducts are observed after photoexcitation of the Mg+ complexes (3(2)P<--3(2)S). For Mg+(primary amine) complexes, for example, Mg+-NH2CH2CH2CH3, and Mg+-NH2CH(CH3)2, the photoproducts resulting from C(alpha)--C rupture prevail after P(z) and charge-transfer excitations, whereas the Mg+ photofragment is predominant upon P(x,y) excitation. However, with further N-alkyl substitution, as in Mg+(secondary amine) complexes, for example, Mg+-NH(CH2CH2CH3)2 and Mg+-NH[CH(CH3)2]2, a novel intracomplex C-C coupling photoreaction dominates on P(x,y) excitation of Mg+, which is believed to arise from Mg+* insertion into the C-N bond. With P(z) and charge-transfer excitation, the Mg-R elimination photoproducts, arising from C(alpha)-C bond cleavage, predominate. The energetics and possible mechanisms of the intracomplex photoreactions are analyzed in detail with the help of extensive quantum mechanics calculations.     

化学键合吸附剂的合成及吸附行为

在无定型硅胶上化学键合十八烷基三氯硅烷，键合率17%-20％，粒度5μm-10μm，以此键合的吸附剂可有效地吸附香烟烟气中的焦油、亚硝胺，吸附率分别为15%-18％和37%-43％，研究了化学键合吸附剂的粒度和加入量对吸附性能的影响。     

Photophysical aspects of single-molecule detection by two-photon excitation with consideration of sequential pulsed illumination.

An important goal in single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is the theoretical simulation of the fluorescence signal stemming from individual molecules and its autocorrelation function. The simulation approaches developed up to now are based exclusively on continuous-wave (cw) illumination and consequently on cw-excitation. However, this approximation is no longer valid in the case of two-photon excitation, for which pulsed illumination is usually employed. We present a novel theoretical model for the simulation of the fluorescence signal of single molecules and its autocorrelation function with consideration of the time dependence of the excitation flux and thus of all illumination-dependent photoprocesses: two-photon excitation, induced emission and photobleaching. Further important characteristics of our approach are the consideration of the dependence of the photobleaching rate on illumination and the low intersystem-crossing rates of the studied coumarins. Moreover, using our approach, we can predict quantitatively the effect of the laser pulse width on the fluorescence signal of a molecule, that is, the contributions of the photobleaching and saturation effects, and thus we can calculate the optimal laser pulse width. The theoretical autocorrelation functions were fitted to the experimental data, and we could ascertain a good agreement between the resulting and the expected parameters. The most important parameter is the photobleaching constant sigma, the cross section of the transition Sn<--S1, which characterises the photostability of the molecules independent of the experimental conditions. Its value is 1.7 x 10(-23) cm2 for coumarin 153 and 5 x 10(-23) cm2 for coumarin 314.     

Salting coefficients for gases in seawater from scaled-particle theory

Experimental values of the salting coefficients for He, Ne, Ar, O₂, and N₂ in seawater are compared with values calculated from scaled-particle theory. The agreement is reasonably good; the average difference between calculated and observed values at 25°C is 0.007. Scaled-particle theory predicts correctly thatk _s should decrease as the temperature increases and that this effect should be most pronounced at low temperatures. However, the predicted magnitude ofdK _s/dt is only about half of that observed.     

Miniature electrophoresis for speed and productivity

Attempts to miniaturize electrophoresis (EP) to save time or enhance productivity and efficiency remains a challenge for science and industry. Other advantages of miniaturization include: increased sensitivity, saving of reagents, greater yield of data, and enabling studies where only small samples are available. Since electrophoresis that takes hours may be reduced to a matter of minutes, the limitations of miniaturization in clinical, industrial, and research applications are evaluated. Clinical electrophoresis (EP) on cellulose acetate media can be performed in 3.5 min instead of 20–45 min and on SDS polyacrylamide gels in 15–30 min compared with conventional 3–8 h.     

An application of factorial design to the development of fused silica capillary columns

Stationary phase crosslinking conditions for fused silica capillary columns were optimized with the use of a factorial design experiment. This experimental strategy was chosen because it provided for the determination of two-factor interactions. A predictive model was developed for the desired chromatographic performance parameters as a function of the variables of the crosslinking reaction. Confirmatory experiments proved the usefulness of the mathematical model which resulted in the production of capillary columns of superior performance with significant improvements in reproducibility.     

The Photopolymerization Kinetics of Acryl amide Sensitized with Toluidine Blue-Alcoholamine Induced by He-Ne Laser

Toluidine blue(TB) is a good sensitizer for the polymerization of acrylnmide(AM) induced by He-Ne laser. With TB as a sensitizer and various alcoholamine as donors, the photoredox of TB and the polymerization kinetics of AM induced by He-Ne laser were investigated. It was found that either for the photoredox of TB or for the polymerization of AM, the activity of alcoholamine increases in the order of EOA相似文献   

Dynamics of the formation of two-dimensional ordered structures

The growth of ordered domains in lattice gas models, which occurs after the system is quenched from infinite temperature to a state below the critical temperatureT _c, is studied by Monte Carlo simulation. For a square lattice with repulsion between nearest and next-nearest neighbors, which in equilibrium exhibits fourfold degenerate (2×1) superstructures, the time-dependent energy E(t), domain size L(t), and structure functionS(q, t) are obtained, both for Glauber dynamics (no conservation law) and the case with conserved density (Kawasaki dynamics). At late times the energy excess and halfwidth of the structure factor decrease proportional tot ^–x, whileL(t) t ^x, where the exponent x=1/2 for Glauber dynamics and x1/3 for Kawasaki dynamics. In addition, the structure factor satisfies a scaling lawS(k,t)=t ^2xS(kt^x). The smaller exponent for the conserved density case is traced back to the excess density contained in the walls between ordered domains which must be redistributed during growth. Quenches toT>T _c, T=T_c (where we estimate dynamic critical exponents) andT=0 are also considered. In the latter case, the system becomes frozen in a glasslike domain pattern far from equilibrium when using Kawasaki dynamics. The generalization of our results to other lattices and structures also is briefly discussed.