Automated sample preparation method for suspension arrays using renewable surface separations with multiplexed flow cytometry fluorescence detection

In this paper, we describe a new method of automated sample preparation for multiplexed biological analysis systems that use flow cytometry fluorescence detection. In this approach, color-encoded microspheres derivatized to capture particular biomolecules are temporarily trapped in a renewable surface separation column to enable perfusion with sample and reagents prior to delivery to the detector. This method provides for separation of the biomolecules of interest from other sample matrix components as well as from labeling solutions. After sample preparation, the beads can be released from the renewable surface column and delivered to a flow cytometer for direct on-bead analysis one bead at a time. Using mixtures of color-encoded beads derivatized for various analytes yields suspension arrays for multiplexed analysis. Development of this approach required a new technique for automated capture and release of the color-encoded microspheres within a fluidic system. We developed a method for forming a renewable filter and demonstrate its use for capturing microspheres that are too small to be easily captured in previous flow cells for renewable separation columns. The renewable filter is created by first trapping larger beads in the flow cell, and then smaller beads are captured either within or on top of the bed of larger beads. Both the selective microspheres and filter bed are automatically emplaced and discarded for each sample. A renewable filter created with 19.9 μm beads was used to trap 5.6 μm optically encoded beads with trapping efficiencies of 99%. The larger beads forming the renewable filter did not interfere with the detection of color-encoded 5.6 μm beads by the flow cytometer fluorescence detector. The use of this method was demonstrated with model reactions for a variety of bioanalytical assay types including a one-step capture of a biotinylated label on Lumavidin beads, a two-step sandwich immunoassay, and a one-step DNA binding assay. A preliminary demonstration of multiplexed detection of two analytes using color-encoded beads was also demonstrated. The renewable filter for creating separation columns containing optically encoded beads provides a general platform for coupling renewable surface methods for sample preparation and analyte labeling with flow cytometry detectors for suspension array multiplexed analyses.     

A High－efficiency Preparation, Properties and Structure of （R, S ）－and （ S, S）－Pyrrolidine－2－carboxylic Acid 3,5－Dioxa－4－boracvclo.hepta [ 2,1－α; 3,4－α′] dinaphthalen－4－yl Esters

A highly-efficient preparative procedure for ( R, S )- and ( S, S)-pyrroHdine-2-carboxyHc acid 3,5-dioxa-4-boracyclohepta[2, 1-α ; 3,4-α′] dlnaphthalen-4-yl esters [ namely ( R, S )-BNBAP and (S, S )-BNBAP] is described and the crystal structure of (R, S )-BNBAP was obtained. The data indicate that ( R, S )-BNBAP is a spirocyclic inner borate salt with almost normal te-trahedral configuration. This structural form may be the basic reason for their high chemical, optical and thermodynamic sta-bility.     

Ein Neues,tricyclisches schwefelreiches Phosphan

A New Tricyclic Sulfur-rich Phosphane From the products of the reaction of P₄S₃ with tert-Butyliodide the compound (t-Bu(S)P)₂P₄S₃ was isolated in low yield. The compound is stable and has a structure related to the hydrocarbon brexane. By reaction with triphenylphosphin the compounds (t-BuP)(t-Bu(S)P)P₄S₃ and (t-BuP)₂P₄S₃ were obtained. The ³¹P-nmr spectra of all compounds were solved and used to determine the structure of the molecules. A complete set of ³¹P-nmr data is given.     

Darstellung der Iminiumsalze CF3?NXCF2+MF6− (X = CH3, F und M = As,Sb) und CF3?NCl = CF2+ AsF6−

Preparation of the Iminium Salts CF₃? NX?CF₂⁺MF₆^? (X = CH₃, F and M = As, Sb) and CF₃? NCl?CF₂⁺ AsF₆^? The preparation of the iminiumsalts CF₃? NX?CF₂⁺ MF₆^? (X = CH₃, F and M = As, Sb) and CF₃? NCl?CF₂⁺ AsF₆^? is reported. The salts were characterized by NMR and infrared spectroscopy. CF₃? NCH₃?CF₂⁺MF₆^? decompose into MF₅ and (CF₃)₂NCH₃.     

碳基介熵材料:理论与实验

富碳型材料,包括纯碳材料的各种同素异形体、碳基骨架的稠环芳香分子、聚合物、框架材料等,已成为当今材料领域最重要的研究领域之一.在这些研究当中,很大一部分工作都是研究材料本身的结构与性质,而忽略了这些材料之间的内在联系.课本中的很多概念,如同分异构体、同素异形体和拓扑缺陷,已经无法用于深入理解种类和数量繁多的富碳型材料之间的构效关系.这就使得通过改变已知材料的有限结构来调控材料的性质变得工作重复而繁重,且基础理解受限于研究个体上.作者将从材料"熵"的概念入手,尝试理解富碳型材料之间熵的相对高低,并建议基于"介熵"的认识开发新型富碳型材料、开发新型介熵富碳型材料的全新性质.基于对具体的不同的新型富碳型材料的讨论,将"介熵"这一概念引入到同素异形体、同分异构体以及广泛存在于碳材料中的拓扑缺陷的理解上.类似富碳型材料的关系不再模糊地停留在几何结构层面上,为今后介熵富碳型材料及其他介熵材料的开发提供参考.     

可见光响应纳米TiO2光催化薄膜的研究进展

综述了近几年国内外可见光响应纳米TiO₂薄膜制备的研究现状,阐述了TiO₂薄膜光催化降解有机物的催化机理,系统地介绍了提高纳米TiO₂吸收波长的方法、常用载体、可见光响应纳米TiO₂薄膜制备方法和在降解有机物方面的应用,并概述了其以后的发展趋势.     

肿瘤靶向PEI包覆磁性纳米凝胶的光化学制备及表征

以聚乙烯亚胺(Polyethyleneimine, PEI)为预聚体, H2O2为抽氢剂, 采用光化学方法制备了PEI包覆的磁性纳米凝胶(PEI-Fe3O4), 在PEI-Fe3O4表面共价偶联具有肿瘤靶向作用的叶酸分子(Folate, FA), 制备得到肿瘤靶向PEI包覆磁性纳米凝胶(FA-PEI- Fe3O4). 采用多种手段对PEI-Fe3O4及FA-PEI-Fe3O4进行了表征. 结果表明, FA-PEI-Fe3O4平均粒径为140 nm, 形状规则, 具有超顺磁性, 磁含量达到22.4%, 饱和磁化强度达65.6 A·m2·kg-1, 磁性纳米凝胶较高的磁响应性能和具有肿瘤靶向作用的叶酸分子的修饰, 为其作为潜在的肿瘤靶向载体奠定了基础.     

Comparative Study on Preparation Methods for Transparent Conductive Films Based on Silver Nanowires

Silver nanowires, which have high optoelectronic properties, have the potential to supersede indium tin oxide in the field of electrocatalysis, stretchable electronic, and solar cells. Herein, four mainstream experimental methods, including Mayer–rod coating, spin coating, spray coating, and vacuum filtration methods, are employed to fabricate transparent conductive films based on the same silver nanowires to clarify the significance of preparation methods on the performance of the films. The surface morphology, conductive property, uniformity, and flexible stability of these four Ag NW-based films, are analyzed and compared to explore the advantages of these methods. The transparent conductive films produced by the vacuum filtration method have the most outstanding performance in terms of surface roughness and uniformity, benefitting from the stronger welding of NW-NW junctions after the press procedure. However, limited by the size of the membrane and the vacuum degree of the equipment, the small-size Ag films used in precious devices are appropriate to obtain through this method. Similarly, the spin coating method is suited to prepare Ag NWs films with small sizes, which shows excellent stability after the bending test. In comparison, much larger-size films could be obtained through Mayer-rod coating and spray coating methods. The pull-down speed and force among the Mayer-rod coating process, as well as the spray distance and traveling speed among the spray coating process, are essential to the uniformity of Ag NW films. After being treated with NaBH₄ and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), the obtained Ag NW/PMMA films show great potential in the field of film defogging due to the Joule heating effect. Taken together, based on the advantages of each preparation method, the Ag NW-based films with desired size and performances are easier to prepare, meeting the requirements of different application fields.     

化学衍生与萃取联用技术在生物样品预处理中的应用

近年来各种萃取技术与化学衍生联用的模式作为一种新型样品处理技术广泛应用于生物样品预处理.这种联用技术不仅能有效去除样品基质,还能有效改善极性大、挥发性强、热稳定性差的目标分析物的回收率,提高方法的选择性和灵敏度.研究者根据待分析物及衍生试剂性质选取不同的联用模式.本文评述了萃取技术与化学衍生联用模式以及其在生物样品预处理中的应用.     

"三明治"化合物——二茂铁

二茂铁是一种结构很特殊的化合物,它的发现在金属有机化合物研究中具有里程碑意义。简介了二茂铁的发现、结构确定、制备和应用。