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111.
随着经济的飞速发展,社会对能源的需求日益扩大,对工业废水的无害化处理也提出了更高的要求。光催化燃料电池 (photocatalytic fuel cell, PFC) 在燃料电池中引入半导体光催化材料作为电极,实现了有机污染物高效降解和同步对外产电的双重功能,在废水无害化与资源化利用方面具有潜在的应用价值。半导体光催化电极是PFC系统高效运行的核心组件,增强其可见光响应和光生载流子分离是提高PFC性能的关键策略。反应器结构设计和运行参数优化也有利于改善PFC性能。本文从PFC基本原理和应用入手,综述了PFC在环境污染物资源化处理中的研究进展,并详细阐述了提高PFC的污染控制性能和产电效率的优化手段,为进一步设计高效稳定的PFC系统并实现其在水污染控制和清洁能源生产中的应用提供理论指导。 相似文献
112.
Kyung Joong Kim 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2022,54(4):405-416
Mutual calibration was suggested as a method to determine the absolute thickness of ultrathin oxide films. It was motivated from the large offset values in the reported thicknesses in the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) pilot study P-38 for the thickness measurement of SiO2 films on Si(100) and Si(111) substrates in 2004. Large offset values from 0.5 to 1.0 nm were reported in the thicknesses by ellipsometry, X-ray reflectometry (XRR), medium-energy ion scattering spectrometry (MEIS), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), nuclear reaction analysis (NRA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the offset value for the thicknesses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was close to zero (−0.013 nm). From these results, the mutual calibration method was reported for the thickness measurement of SiO2 films on Si(100) by combination of TEM and XPS. The mutual calibration method has been applied for the thickness measurements of hetero oxide films such as Al2O3 and HfO2. Recently, the effect of surface contamination was reported to be critical to the thickness measurement of HfO2 films by XPS. On the other hand, MEIS was proved to be a powerful zero offset method which is not affected by the surface contamination. As a result, the reference thicknesses in the CCQM pilot study P-190 for the thickness measurement of HfO2 films on Si(100) substrate were determined by mutual calibration method from the average XRR data and MEIS analysis. Conclusively, the thicknesses of ultrathin oxide films can be traceably certified by mutual calibration method and most thickness measurement methods can be calibrated from the certified thicknesses. 相似文献
113.
对近期发展的固体圆二色(CD)光谱测试方法进行了概述、评价和比较, 着重探讨了“浓度效应”的存在使固体CD光谱失真的原因. 通过对本课题组和其他作者已报道的四种化合物的固体CD谱再测试的反思, 强调了依手性化合物的手性光谱学性质不同, 根据浓度梯度实验选择其合适测试浓度的必要性. 对固有手性的阻转异构化合物(S)-1,1'-联二萘酚(S-BINOL)进行了成膜法固体CD谱浓度梯度测试, 发现所得固体薄膜CD谱中也存在着“浓度效应” 相似文献
114.
115.
课程体系是人才培养的载体。为了更好地培养拔尖创新人才,南京大学化学国家级实验教学示范中心依据化学学科的特点和发展趋势,以科学内容的内在联系和研究规律为主线构建了“化学实验基础?化学合成与表征+化学原理与测量?化学功能分子实验+化学生物学综合实验+基于项目的研究实验”实验课程新体系,按照一流课程建设要求(高阶性、创新性和挑战度)对实验教学内容进行了优化,并建立起与之相适应的实验教学平台。新课程体系综合考虑了化学一级学科的整体性和关联学科的交叉性,在南京大学化学化工学院“拔尖计划”和“强基计划”学生中实施,教学效果显著。 相似文献
116.
Yue Zhang Wenliang Ji Shuai Zhang Nan Gao Tianci Xu Xiaofang Wang Meining Zhang 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2022,134(1):e202111853
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) localizes at presynaptic terminal and modulates synaptic functions. Increasing evidence demonstrate that α-Syn oligomers, forming at the early of aggregation, are cytotoxic and is thus related to brain neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we find that vitamin D (VD) can reduce neurocytotoxicity. The reduced neurocytotoxicity might be attributed to the less amount of large-sized α-Syn oligomers inhibited by VD, measured by electrochemical collision at single particle level, which are not observable with traditionally ensembled method. Single-cell amperometry (SCA) results show that VD can recover the amount of neurotransmitter release during exocytosis induced by α-Syn oligomers, further verifying the neuroprotection of VD. Our study reveals the neuroprotective role of VD through inhibiting α-Syn aggregation, which is envisioned to be of great importance in treatment and prevention of the neurodegenerative diseases. 相似文献
117.
土壤硝态氮反映土壤短期氮素供应水平,实时了解土壤硝态氮的含量为精准农业和农业面源污染防控提供支撑,因此,在线实时检测土壤硝态氮方法突破就显得十分迫切。土壤硝态氮中的硝酸根离子在土壤中的高水溶性和流动性为全固态硝酸根离子选择电极高敏感检测土壤中硝态氮提供了条件,固态硝态氮离子选择电极的离子选择膜反应硝酸根离子在被测溶液中的浓度。采用全固态硝酸根离子选择电极,且与温度电极和pH电极融合组成电极阵列对土壤饱和溶液中的硝态根离子进行检测。设计了高输入阻抗运算放大电路对电极信号进行采集,并通过微处理控制蠕动泵完成土壤硝态氮待测溶液连续流动测量及实时传输结果。实验结果表明,电极响应时间≤15 s,斜率-51.63 mV/decade,线性范围10-5-10-2.2 mol/L,最低检测限10-5.23 mol/L。相对标准差在0.78%-4.47%范围内,加标回收率均在90%-110%以内。与国家标准紫外可见分光光度法测试结果相比,相关系数(R2)为0.9952,为土壤硝态氮在现场检测奠定技术基础。 相似文献
118.
Johanna Sabine Becker Jochen Westheide Anatolij I. Saprykin Horst Holzbrecher Uwe Breuer Hans -Joachim Dietze 《Mikrochimica acta》1997,125(1-4):153-160
For the determination of trace impurities in ceramic components of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), some mass spectrometric methods have been applied such as spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS), laser ionization mass spectrometry (LIMS), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Due to a lack of suitable standard reference materials for quantifying of analytical results on La
x
Sr
y
MnO3 cathode material a matrix-matched synthetic standard-high purity initial compounds doped with trace elements-was prepared in order to determine the relative sensitivity coefficients in SSMS and LA-ICP-MS. Radiofrequency glow discharge mass spectrometry (rf-GDMS) was developed for trace analysis and depth profiling of thick non-conducting layers. Surface analytical techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and sputtered neutral mass spectrometry (SNMS), were used to determine the element distribution on surfaces (homogeneity) and the surface contaminants of SOFC ceramic layers.Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday 相似文献
119.
采用CCS法(catalyst coated substrate)构建铂纳米颗粒(Pt-NPs)和铂纳米线(Pt-NWs)双层催化层结构,分析其对单电池电化学性能的影响。对于富铂/贫铂双层铂纳米颗粒结构,靠近质子交换膜侧的富铂层中致密的铂颗粒结构能促进ORR速率,而靠近气体扩散层一侧的具有更高的孔隙率和平均孔尺寸的贫铂层,有利于反应气体的传输和扩散,当贫富铂层铂载量比为1:2时,单电池测试表现出最优性能,在0.6 V时的电流密度达到了1.05 A·cm-2,峰值功率密度为0.69 W·cm-2,较常规单层催化层结构提升了21%。在以Pt-NPs作为基底层时生长Pt-NWs时,得到了梯度分布的双层结构。铂颗粒的存在促进了铂前驱体的还原,并为新形成的铂原子提供了沉积位置。在Pt-NPs基底上生长的Pt-NWs具有更均匀的分布以及更致密的绒毛结构,并且自然形成了一种梯度分布。优化后的Pt-NWs催化层在0.6 V时的电流密度提高了21%。含有双层催化层结构的膜电极具有更高的催化剂利用率,对阴极催化层结构的优化和制备提供了新思路。 相似文献
120.
Sebastian Wöllner Timothy Nowak Dr. Gui-Rong Zhang Dr. Nils Rockstroh Dr. Hanadi Ghanem Prof. Dr. Stefan Rosiwal Prof. Dr. Angelika Brückner Prof. Dr. Bastian J. M. Etzold 《ChemistryOpen》2021,10(5):600-606
Electrocatalytic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) offers a renewable approach to produce the value-added platform chemical 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). The key for the economic viability of this approach is to develop active and selective electrocatalysts. Nevertheless, a reliable catalyst evaluation protocol is still missing, leading to elusive conclusions on criteria for a high-performing catalyst. Herein, we demonstrate that besides the catalyst identity, secondary parameters such as materials of conductive substrates for the working electrode, concentration of the supporting electrolyte, and electrolyzer configurations have profound impact on the catalyst performance and thus need to be optimized before assessing the true activity of a catalyst. Moreover, we highlight the importance of those secondary parameters in suppressing side reactions, which has long been overlooked. The protocol is validated by evaluating the performance of free-standing Cu-foam, and CuCoO modified with NaPO2H2 and Ni, which were immobilized on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes. Recommended practices and figure of merits in carefully evaluating the catalyst performance are proposed. 相似文献