On the visco-elastic and dielectric behaviour of two alcohols and their binary mixture

Inter-molecular and intra-molecular interactions in liquids determine the physical properties of the systems. These interactions are understood through the measurement of these physical properties. These become especially important in the case of alcohols in view of the specific type of interactions involved. Study of the variation of dielectric relaxation time with the viscosity of the medium is relevant in drawing certain quantitative conclusions regarding molecular motion and the inter-molecular forces in liquids, liquid mixtures, dilute solutions and multi-component polar solutes in dilute solution. In the absence of a perfect empirical or theoretical equation for the variation of dielectric relaxation time with viscosity, the experimental investigations on different systems can only give an insight. In the present study, the results of dielectric measurements carried out on pure samples of methyl alcohol and propyl alcohol in dilute solutions in different mixed solvents (benzene?+?paraffin) and on binary mixture (1?:?1) of methyl alcohol?+?propyl alcohol are reported. Different parameters determined are presented and these studies indicate that the dielectric behaviour at microwave frequencies favour the concept of dynamic viscosity and a single visco-elastic relaxation time for the systems under study.     

Effects of imprecise weighting in hierarchical preference programming

Preference programming is a general term for multi-criteria decision analytical approaches allowing incomplete preference information. In the PAIRS method, interval judgments are assigned to weight ratios between attributes to model imprecision in multi-attribute value trees. This paper studies the effects of a hierarchical model structure on the overall imprecision, as the form of the hierarchy also affects the form of imprecision that can be assigned to the model. The aim is to find out good procedural practices for reducing overall imprecision descending inherently from the model structure. The study provides simulation results about the ability of various weighting schemes to identify dominated alternatives, which are discussed with respect to other issues related to the weighting process. According to the results, a hierarchical model is structurally somewhat more unable to identify dominances than a corresponding nonhierarchical model, but its cognitive advantages often cancel out this. The results also suggest paying reasonable attention to the precision of the lower level judgments and to identifying possible correlations between the criteria.     

组合调整频率会影响投资者的回报率么?——基于分析师股票推荐的投资策略研究

利用巨灵数据库的分析师评级数据,从投资者角度建立动态组合,检验了按每日、每周、每两周、每月、每季度头寸调整频率后的超额收益,研究发现:"买入"评级组合在各种头寸调整频率策略下都获得了超越市场指数的超额回报率,其中按每周频率进行头寸调整策略获得的市场调整后平均超额回报率最高,按三个月频率进行头寸调整策略获得的市场调整后平均超额回报率最低。投资者在面对分析师一致认为"买入"评级股票时,可按照每周更新的频率构建组合,以获取较高的超额回报率。投资者如果按季度调整频率来卖出股票可能会错失投资机会,卖掉的股票很可能会跑赢市场,投资者可按每两周或每四周的频率调整投资组合中的股票,卖出负面推荐评级"减持/卖出"股票,降低投资亏损。     

弹性需求下城市公交网络服务的优化

对具有弹性需求的城市公交网络系统进行了票价结构与发车频率组合的优化。考虑到公交定价和发车频率会影响乘客需求以及乘客对路径的选择行为,将这一问题描述为一个双层规划问题,上层是寻求社会福利最大的优化问题;下层考虑了乘客的出行选择行为,为弹性需求下乘客在城市公交网络上流量分布的随机用户平衡分配模型。鉴于双层规划问题的非凸性,运用模拟退火算法对模型进行求解,并给出一个仿真算例说明提出的模型和算法的合理性。     

Jackknifed random weighting for Cox proportional hazards model

The Cox proportional hazards model is the most used statistical model in the analysis of survival time data.Recently,a random weighting method was proposed to approximate the distribution of the maximum partial likelihood estimate for the regression coefficient in the Cox model.This method was shown not as sensitive to heavy censoring as the bootstrap method in simulation studies but it may not be second-order accurate as was shown for the bootstrap approximation.In this paper,we propose an alternative random weighting method based on one-step linear jackknife pseudo values and prove the second accuracy of the proposed method.Monte Carlo simulations are also performed to evaluate the proposed method for fixed sample sizes.     

Calculations of the vibrational frequency and isotopic shift of UF6 and U2F6

Molecular structure, vibrational frequency and infrared intensity of UF6 are investigated by using the revised Perdew Burke-Enzerhof function with the triple-zeta polarized basis set. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental values and indicate the existence of a stable U2F6 molecule with a multiple bonded U2 unit. The calculation results also predict that the D3d symmetry of U2F6 is more stable than D3h. The optimized geometries, vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities are also reported for U2F6 molecules in D3d symmetry. In addition, the isotopic shift of vibrational frequencies of the two molecules under isotopic substitution of uranium atom are also investigated with the same method. The U2F6 molecule is predicted to be better than UF6 for laser uranic isotope separation.     

A 168-W high-power single-frequency amplifier in an all-fiber configuration

We present a high-power,single-frequency,narrow linewidth fiber amplifier based on master oscillator power amplification chains in an all-fiber configuration.The effect of the delivery fiber on the maximum output power is studied.A home-made 1064-nm seed laser with a 20-kHz linewidth is boosted to 129 W,and limited by stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) when the delivery fiber is 1.2 m long.By shortening the delivery fiber length to 0.7 m,the SBS threshold is increased efficiently and the maximum output power rises to 168 W with an 82.9% power conversion efficiency.The experimental results indicate that the output power can be further raised by shortening the delivery fiber length and increasing the pump power.     

Improved performance of silicon‐nanoparticle film‐coated dye‐sensitized solar cells

Silicon (Si) nanoparticles with average size of 13 nm and orange–red luminescence under UV absorption were synthesized using electrochemical etching of silicon wafers. A film of Si nanoparticles with thickness of 0.75 µm to 2.6 µm was coated on the glass (TiO₂ side) of a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The cell exhibited nearly 9% enhancement in power conversion efficiency (η) at film thickness of ～2.4 µm under solar irradiation of 100 mW/cm² (AM 1.5) with improved fill factor and short‐circuit current density. This study revealed for the first time that the Si‐nanoparticle film converting UV into visible light and helping in homogeneous irradiation, can be utilized for improving the efficiency of the DSSCs. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Absolute Orientation of Molecules with Competing Hydrophilic Head Groups at the Air/Water Interface Probed with Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy

The constructive or destructive spectral interference between the molecular groups oriented up and down at the interface in the sum-frequency generation （SFG） spectra provides a direct measurement of the absolute orientation of these molecular groups. This simple approach can be employed to interrogate absolute molecular orientations other than using the complex absolute phase measurement in the SFG studies. We used the -CN group in the p-cyanophenol （PCP） molecule as the internal phase standard, and we measured the phases of the SFG fields of the -CN groups in the 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile （35DMHBN） and 2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-benzonitrile （26DMHBN） at the air/water interface by measuring the SFG spectra of the aqueous surfaces of the mixtures of the PCP, 35DMHBN, and 26DMHBN solutions. The results showed that the 35DMHBN had its -CN group pointing into the aqueous phase; while the 26DMHBN, similar to the PCP, had its -CN group pointing away from the aqueous phase. The tilt angles of the -CN group for both the 35DMHBN and 26DMHBN molecules at the air/water interface were around 25°-45° from the interface normal. These results provided insights on the understanding of the detailed balance of the competing factors, such as solvation of the polar head groups, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic effects, etc., on influencing the absolute molecular orientation at the air/water interface.     

多跨梁离散系统的频谱和模态的定性性质

采用差分法建立了两端任意支承多跨梁的差分离散模型,对只具有两端支承的单跨梁是正系统的情形,导出了对应的多跨梁差分离散系统的柔度系数;从单跨梁正系统的刚度矩阵的符号振荡性出发,通过引入辅助系统,讨论了多跨梁的柔度矩阵的振荡性,确定了对应于单跨梁正系统的多跨梁差分离散系统的频谱和模态的一系列定性性质.