X射线分幅相机真空弧放电损害研究

 基于神光Ⅱ物理实验,研究了X射线分幅相机中真空弧放电对荧光屏和微通道板的损害。通过观测放电点在荧光屏上的位置和输出强度,发现X射线分幅相机存在的3种弧放电形式：散弧、强弧和定弧,由弧点位置和强度的时空变化比较了3种放电形式对器件的损害程度和对相机工作状态的影响。散弧在一定真空度条件下具有很好的稳定性,并且微放电不影响XFC正常性能;强弧的屏输出强饱和,MCP和荧光屏被一次性损害,相机无法正常工作;定弧对相机的正常工作没有影响,放电在两种屏压加载下都表现出稳定的趋向。由场致电子发射理论解释了放电机理,分析了弧放电损坏的稳定性,由实验结果推导了定弧的场增强因子。     

激光驱动飞片的线面成像VISAR测速技术

以激光驱动飞片速度场诊断为例,展示线面同时成像任意反射面速度干涉仪(VISAR)技术在超高速碰撞研究中的应用前景。将传统VISAR改为成像干涉结构,用变像管扫描相机和高速光电分幅相机分别记录作为信号载体的梳状干涉条纹随时间的变化,实现靶面一条线上各点速度历程和多个时刻二维靶面上所有点速度相对分布的测量。所研制的线面同时成像VISAR具有10μm的空间分辨和约15m/s的速度分辨能力。用其测量了激光驱动铝膜飞片的速度场,直观给出飞片的演化发展过程。实验结果表明,线面同时成像VISAR技术可以为激光驱动飞片、超高速碰撞等领域的理论研究和数值模拟提供有效比对实验数据。     

强流电子束二极管等离子体光学诊断

通过处理强流电子束加速器主开关导通之后所形成的高压电脉冲,得到了二极管等离子体光学诊断的同步时间基准。采用高压电脉冲延时结合二极管等离子体光信号延时的方案,实现了相机曝光过程与等离子体发光过程的ns级精度同步。综合采取屏蔽、滤波等措施,实现了整个系统的电磁兼容,最终稳定地拍摄到了ns时间分辨的二极管等离子体发光过程。     

50°视场角投影式头盔光学系统设计及逆反射屏研究

设计了一款适于医疗培训用投影式头盔物镜系统，出瞳直径8mm，视场50°，能够满足对角0．9英寸微显示器对超高分辨SXGA模式的显示要求．其结构紧凑，口径10mm，长度12mm，重量仅有5g．本物镜系统场曲仅0．35D，畸变仅0．64％．为考察本投影式头盔系统的成像特性，研究了不同“逆反射材料”的特性．实验得到高强级逆反射材料在±40°视场范围内反射光强无明显变化，适合做为投影屏幕材料．定量分析了逆反射屏放置位置对成像的影响．     

用于等离子体诊断的30keV锂束源

本文描述用于等离子体诊断的30keV锂束源的结构,调试及实验结果。对锂辉石和β-锂霞石的发射性能进行了对比。在能量为30.5keV时,引出离子流为376μA。     

Affinity chromatographic purification of lentil lectin using immobilized yeast cells

A model system for evaluating macroporous supports containing immobilized whole cells in affinity Chromatographic applications is described. Whole cells were immobilized in a polyacrylamide network in a two-step polymerization process. The affinity system discussed consists of immobilized cells ofSaccharomyces cervisiae in the purification of lentil lectin fromLens culinaris.     

Use of essential and molecular dynamics to study gammaB-crystallin unfolding after non-enzymic post-translational modifications

Essential and Molecular Dynamics (ED/MD) have been used to model the conformational changes of a protein implicated in a conformational disease--cataract, the largest cause of blindness in the world-after non-enzymic post-translational modification. Cyanate modification did not significantly alter flexibility, while the Schiff's base adduct produced a more flexible N-terminal domain, and intra-secondary structure regions, than either the cyanate adduct or the native structure. Glycation also increased linker flexibility and disrupted the charge network. A number of post-translational adducts showed structural disruption around Cys15 and increased linker flexibility; this may be important in subsequent protein aggregation. Our modelling results are in accord with experimental evidence, and show that ED/MD is a useful tool in modelling conformational changes in proteins implicated in disease processes.     

Role of the Carbohydrate Moiety and of α-L-Fucose in the Stabilization and the Dynamics of the Lens culinaris Agglutinin–Glycoprotein Complex. A Fluorescence Study

Interaction between the fluorescent Lens culinaris agglutinin–fluorescein complex (LCA-FITC) and two glycoproteins, lactotransferrin (LTF) and serotransferrin (STF), was studied. The two glycoproteins have the same glycan structures, with one difference: the lactotransferrin glycans contain a fucose residue -1,6-linked to the N-acetylglucosamine residue involved in the N-glycosylamine linkage. Fluorescence intensity quenching of the LCA-FITC complex shows that affinity between LCA and lactotransferrin is 50 times higher than that between LCA and serotransferrin, the fucose playing a major role in this high affinity (K _a is equal to 9.66 and 0.188 M ^–1 for the LCA–LTF complex and LCA–STF complex, respectively). Time-resolved anisotropy decay indicates that the rotational correlation time of LCA (20 ns) does not change to a large extent whether the glycoproteins are bound to LCA or not. This suggests that there is no extended physical contact between LCA and the glycoproteins. The interaction between LCA and the glycoproteins occurs likely only via the carbohydrate chains, the STF and the LTF rotating almost-freely in the vicinity of LCA, with the glycans as an anchor.     

利用分幅相机测量铋球表面发射X射线图像

设计了一种塑料靶表面涂铋(Bi)的靶丸替代常规内爆靶,利用分幅相机获取辐射驱动内爆替代靶丸Bi等离子体再发射X射线的2维图像。实验时,从主激光中分出一束光信号,经光电转换后作为分幅相机的触发信号,以激光直接驱动金球靶建立相机的时标。根据分幅相机的时标可确定每幅X射线图像相对于主激光的时间延迟。分析Bi球靶的X射线分幅图像,得到夹持内爆靶丸的CH膜的烧蚀时间及Bi球靶半径的变化关系。通过X射线图像还可反推出诊断孔的大小和CH膜支撑靶丸的对称性。     

铝丝电爆炸过程的光学诊断

采用100 m和40 m两种直径的铝丝,在不同放电电压下,通过分幅成像技术和光谱诊断方法,对铝丝电爆炸过程放电特性及放电等离子参数进行了诊断。实验研究表明:铝丝电爆炸过程中金属蒸气的二次击穿分为内部击穿和沿面击穿两种类型,较细的铝丝更容易发生内部击穿,发生内部击穿时产生的等离子体具有更好的空间均匀性和对称性,其放电过程具有更高的稳定性和可重复性。通过光谱诊断可知铝丝电爆炸等离子体电子温度在104 K量级,电子密度在1018 cm-3量级。