Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

多孔介质体元内随机运动的核磁共振成像研究

多孔介质体元内随机运动的核磁共振成像是一种透视流体微观无规则运动的方法.在多孔介质中,存在两种无规则运动.一种是分于扩散.它是由于分子的布朗运动引起的;另一种是弥散,它是由多孔介质中毛管网络的复杂结构造成的.多孔介质中的液体弥散和分子扩散会在成像体无内产生相位分散.这种相位分散致使回波信号发生衰减.采用适当的梯度脉冲.可以从这种信号衰减中获得视扩散系数(ADC)的分布图像.本文作者在4.7T高场超导核磁共振成像系统上.采用特制的高梯度线圈获得了扩散和机扩散系数分布的图像.在水和丙酮模型中获得了扩散系教图像,其扩散系数值与标准值相符.在人体肾结石中获得了扩散系数分布图像,在不同流速下,获得了多孔介质中的视扩散系数分布图像.并分析了视扩散系数与速度的关系.在多孔介质中定量确定扩散系数和机扩散系数及其空间分布将会极大地提高核磁共振成像技术在渗流力学研究中的应用能力.     

A Time of Flight Model for Cloud’s Radiative Transfer

A model for fast calculation of path radiance of finite clouds is presented. The calculations are simplified by using the reciprocity principle and the homogenousness property of the incident light. Comparisons with reasonably accurate calculations for spherical cloud and two-dimensional infinite layer were made.Presented at the 7th International Workshop on Multiple Scattering Lidar/Light Experiments (MUSCLE7), July 21–23 1994, Chiba, Japan.     

原油期货价格的混沌识别研究

系统复杂性的研究是系统工程的一个热点研究领域。在虚假邻域概念基础上,给出了合适的嵌入参数的确定方法。讨论了分形维与最大Lyapunov指数的计算方法。纽约市场国际原油期货收盘价格时间序列数据的计算表明:这些数据来源于一最大Lyapunov指数值为0.038的混沌吸引子,混沌吸引子分形维为3.625,需用4个变量描述其所在系统的运动规律。此结论为进一步利用混沌理论研究原油期货价格的运动规律、进行相关的投资决策提供了重要信息。     

Dynamics of non-Newtonian fluid interfaces in a porous medium: Incompressible fluids

This paper concerns the applications of frontal advance theory to the dynamics of a moving flat interface in a porous medium, when both displacing and displaced fluids are of power law behaviour. The rheological effects of non-Newtonian behaviour of these fluids on the interface position and its velocity are numerically illustrated and discussed with regard to the practical implications in oil displacement mechanisms. The results obtained should be useful in finding an optimal policy of injection in order to control the dynamics of the moving interface in field projects of enhanced oil recovery floods.     

Interfacial drag of two-phase flow in porous media

In this paper, the influence of the interfacial drag on the pressure loss of combined liquid and vapour flow through particulate porous media is investigated. Motivation for this is the coolability of fragmented corium which may be expected during a severe accident in a nuclear power plant. Cooling water is evaporated due to the particles decay heat. To reach coolability, the outflowing steam has to be replaced by inflowing water.     

一类复映射$z\leftarrow e^{i\phi}(\bar{z})^\alpha+c~ (\alpha<0)$的广义M集

本文分析了一类复映射$z \leftarrow e^{i\phi }(\bar {z})^\alpha +c\{\alpha < 0,\phi \in [0,2\pi)\}$的临界点的性质,给出了广义Mandelbrot集 (简称广义M集)的定义,并构造出一系列广义M集.利用复变函数理论和计算机制图相结合的实验数学的方法,本文对广义M集的结构和演化进行了研究,结果表明: 1). 广义M集的几何结构依赖于参数$\alpha$, $R$和$\phi$; 2). 整数阶广义M集具有对称性和分形特征; 3). 小     

New theorems for bianisotropic media

The general volume equivalence theorem for bianisotropic scatterers is presented, where the equivalent electric and magnetic currents are determined by a pair of coupled vector integral equations. Moreover, using the general volume equivalence theorem and conventional image principle, image theory is developed for a bianisotropic body over an infinite perfect electric or magnetic conducting ground plane.     

Fractal dimension at the phase transition of inhomogeneous cellular automata

For random binary mixtures of cellular automata in the square lattice, calculations are made of the fractal dimensions associated with the damage spreading and the propagation time of damage at the transition to chaos. Two rules are mixed and universalities of these quantities are sought with respect to change of the rules.     

New Fractal Localized Structures in Boiti-Leon-Pempinelli System

A novel phenomenon that the localized coherent structures of a (2 1)-dimensional physical model possess fractal behaviors is revealed. To clarify the interesting phenomenon, we take the (2 1)-dimensional Boiti-Leon Pempinelli system as a concrete example. Starting from an extended homogeneous balance approach, a general solution of the system is derived. From which some special localized excitations with fractal behaviors are obtained by introducing some types of lower-dimensional fractal patterns.