四元轻稀土硝酸盐水溶液体系{H2O+La(NO3)3+Pr(NO3)3+Nd(NO3)3}的热力学研究

在298.15 K条件下, 利用等压法研究了四元轻稀土硝酸盐水溶液{H2O La(NO3)3 Pr(NO3)3 Nd(NO3)3}及其3个二元亚系{H2O La(NO3)3}, {H2O Pr(NO3)3}和{H2O Nd(NO3)3}的热力学性质. 以NaCl或CaCl2水溶液为参考溶液, 测定了不同水活度条件下该四元溶液的渗透系数及各溶质组元的活度系数. 实验结果表明, 上述四元系与其3个二元亚系之间存在简单共性, 在实验误差允许范围之内(|Δ|≤0.0010), 该四元系符合偏理想溶液模型.     

聚合物介质中盐离解行为的温度依赖性研究

<正> 近十年来尽管聚合物-盐复合物作为潜在的理想电解质材料已得到广泛研究,人们对于在象聚合物这样的高粘度介质中盐的离解行为仍缺乏了解。特别是关于盐离解度的温度依赖性,不同的作者对相似的体系曾得出截然相反的结论。最近,Angell和许康等相继通过不同研究途径证实了在上述介质中盐离解产生的自由离子数n随温度上升而下降,其趋势可由Arrhenius公式表示:     

速差催化动力学光度法同时测定痕量PO_4~(3-)和AsO_4~(3-)

首次基于和对Zr（Ⅳ）－MTB－CTMAB及Zr（Ⅳ）－MTB－CTMAB－LA体系不同的催化作用，建立了同时测量痕量和的速差催化动力学光度分析法。研究了24种共存离子的影响。对与质量比为1～7的标准混合样品进行了测定，相对误差小于10％。     

Calorimetric Study of Thermal Denaturation of Superoxide Dismutase

The thermal denaturation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) from bovine erythrocytes was studied at various pH values of different buffers and at various concentrations of solutions of two neutral salts by differential scanning calorimetry. The experiments performed indicate that the PIPES is a buffer non-coordinating with the SOD, and that the binding of the anions studied influences more or less the thermal denaturation of SOD, but the effect on the oxidation form of SOD is more apparent. A new conformer of SOD with lower thermostability was discovered by the experiments performed in different buffers at certain pH values higher than the isoelectric point of SOD, or at higher concentrations of neutral salt solutions. The new conformer may be converted irreversibly into the usual conformer with high thermostability during heating. Based on the thermodynamic parameters obtained in distilled water and by thermodynamic analysis using the Ooi's model, it is revealed that the large enthalpy △Hdc contributed by     

长链烷基胺氢卤酸盐的热致相变

差示扫描量热法（ＤＳＣ）结果表明，烷基胺氢卤酸盐化合物的相变温度与化合物烷基链链长之间存在明显的规律性，固－固结构相变的主相变峰温随烷基链链长的递增而升高，其逆相变过程表现出明显的热滞后现象；而熔融相变温度则随烷基链链长的递增而降低；实验结果还表明，试样的陈化放置过程以及结晶过程中所用的溶剂对化合物的热致相变历程都有明显的影响。     

Mutual solubilities of hydrocarbons and water with the CPA EoS

The knowledge of hydrocarbon/water phase equilibria is important in the design and operation of equipment for petroleum transport and refining and petrochemical plants. The presence of water in a hydrocarbon mixture can affect the product quality and damage the operation equipment due to corrosion and formation of gas hydrates. Tracing the concentration of hydrocarbons in aqueous media is also important for technical purposes like preventing oil spills and for ecological concerns such as predicting the fate of these organic pollutants in the environment.     

Partial Oxidation of Methane to Synthesis Gas over Hexaaluminates LaMAl11O19-δ catalysts

A series of M-substituted hexaaluminates LaMAl11O19-δ (M=Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cu)were prepared and characterized by XRD, XPS, TPR and TGA techniques, respectively. They exhibited different reducibility and catalytic activity for partial oxidation of methane (POM) to synthesis gas. Among the LaMAl11O19-δ samples, LaNiAl11O19-δ showed the best catalytic activity for the topic reaction and selectivity for synthesis gas at 780 ℃ for 2 h. The conversion of CH4 was over 99.2%, and the product selectivity for both CO and H2 was above 90.3%.     

Tafel slopes from first principles

Tafel slopes for multistep electrochemical reactions are derived from first principles. The derivation takes place in two stages. First, Dirac’s perturbation theory is used to solve the Schrödinger equation. Second, current–voltage curves are obtained by integrating the single-state results over the full density of states in electrolyte solutions. Thermal equilibrium is assumed throughout. Somewhat surprisingly, it is found that the symmetry factor that appears in the Butler–Volmer equation is different from the symmetry factor that appears in electron transfer theory, and a conversion formula is given. Finally, the Tafel slopes are compiled in a convenient look-up table.