Electrical characteristics of etched ion-tracks in polyimide filled with silver nanoparticles

Silicon ions, of energy 150?MeV and fluence ～10¹²?ions/cm², were used to register latent tracks in 40?µm thick polyimide samples. Different sizes of tracks were obtained by etching the ion irradiated polyimide samples, in chemical solutions, by varying the temperature and etching period. Silver nanoparticles were diffused into the etched tracks by immersing the polyimide samples in silver solution and then irradiating with 6.5?MeV electrons at different fluences varying from 1?×?10¹⁵ to 5?×?10¹⁵?cm^?2. Results of morphological and elemental analysis, carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray. Analysis revealed that the conical tracks could be fully filled with silver nanoparticles at electron fluence of 5?×?10¹⁵?cm^?2. The minimum d. c. resistance of an array of tracks, filled with silver nanoparticles and measured across the polyimide film, was orders of magnitude higher as compared to that of silver wires of equivalent sizes connected in parallel. In addition, these silver nanoparticles filled tracks exhibited rectifying I–V behavior and frequency dependent a. c. resistance, characteristic of metal–polymer nano-composites. Possible mechanisms have been discussed, which can justify the asymmetric current–voltage characteristics in such nano-composites.     

Molecular dynamics study of structural damage in amorphous silica induced by swift heavy-ion radiation

In this paper, the radiation defects induced by the swift heavy ions and the recoil atoms in amorphous SiO₂ were studied. The energy of recoil atoms induced by the incident Au ions in SiO₂ was calculated by using Monte Carlo method. Results show that the average energies of recoils reach the maximum (200?eV for Si and 130?eV for O, respectively) when the incident energy of Au ion is 100?MeV. Using Tersoff/zbl potential with the newly built parameters, the defects formation processes in SiO₂ induced by the recoils were studied by using molecular dynamics method. The displacement threshold energies (E_d) for Si and O atoms are found to be 33.5 and 16.3?eV, respectively. Several types of under- and over-coordinated Si and O defects were analyzed. The results demonstrate that Si₃, Si₅, and O₁ are the mainly defects in SiO₂ after radiation. Besides, the size of cylindrical damage region produced by a single recoil atom was calculated. The calculation shows that the depth and the radius are up to 2.0 and 1.4?nm when the energy of recoils is 200?eV. Finally, it is estimated that the Au ion would induce a defected track with a diameter of 4?nm in SiO₂.     

同步辐射X射线荧光对双柏恐龙化石的分析

首次使用同步辐射X射线荧光法（SXRF）测试了双柏县安龙堡的恐龙化石,在其截面上原位获得了Ca,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,As,Y和Sr等八种元素的分布图。测试结果表明,各种元素在化石中的分布是非均匀的,与一般的矿物岩石元素的分布不同。元素分布图表明,在双柏恐龙化石中未检测到As元素,与四川自贡恐龙由于As元素高的非正常死亡相比,双柏恐龙属正常死亡情形。在分布图中容易看出,化石中的Fe和Mn元素是共生的;Sr和Y两种元素也是共生的,显示化石在成岩过程中,所含Fe,Mn,Sr,Y的化合物胶体均为带异种电荷的颗粒,据此可推知当时这些元素所属化合物的可能形式。同步X射线荧光显微探测法研究恐龙化石元素分布具有原位、快速、准确、直观等优势,它可以将共生元素分离开来,这是XRD和等离子光谱等测试手段不能实现的。恐龙化石微量元素的分布,揭示了化石微区矿物结构的相关信息,这对于挖掘化石蕴涵的古地质特征,恢复古地理、古地质研究的潜力具有重要意义。     

两体衰变径迹

在19MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+²⁰⁹Bi反应中,云母片固体径迹探测器记录了几例连续两次衰变径迹.分析表明,这些事件两次衰变的时间间隔约为10^－13s.根据位垒穿透的WKB理论,这样的裂变是可能的.     

Detection of accelerated particles from pulsed plasma discharge using solid state nuclear track detector

The ion beam of a Mather-type 23.25 J plasma focus device operated with air filling at 10 Torr was registered using CR-39 nuclear track detector. The irradiated samples were etched in NaOH solution at 70°C for 1 h. It is found here that plasm a beam contains multi-components of microbeams. The individual track density of microbeams is estimated and the total current density of the plasma stream is measured to be 1.2 mA/cm². A model for counting the track density of individual microbeams is proposed here. Faraday cup measurements showed the ion pulse with energy ranging from 5.8 keV to 3.3 keV.      

Canard轨迹原理

为了精确的求出Canard轨迹的描述方程,提出了一个分段表达的非线性模型,能直接求出一个非线性二阶自治方程的相轨迹方程的解析解,能定量求出Canard轨迹的描述方程和参数条件,可以用两类方程简单描述所有的Canard轨迹. 关键词： 非线性系统 Canard轨迹 弛张振荡     

VH-nuclei cosmic-ray tracks in chondrites as indicators for radiation-thermal history of the meteorite matter at the early stage of solar system primary body formation

VH-nuclei cosmic-ray track study in silicate mineral grains extracted from matrix and chondrules of no enriched by solar gas chondrites has been performed. A broad range of track densities, typical track density grouping and absence of track density gradients have been observed in these grains. The traces of low energy cosmic-ray VH-nuclei particles that were stored at the early pre-accretion history of the meteorite parent body formation have been established.     

TEM investigations of heavy ion latent tracks

High resolution observations of GeS single crystals with a 400 keV transmission electron microscope (TEM) were carried out. The GeS was irradiated at the UNICAC with heavy ions at several MeV/u specific energy. The imaging of the tracks revealed relatively large amorphous cores of elliptical cross section, oriented with respect to the crystal lattice.     

Correlation between rolling noise generation and rail roughness of tangent tracks and curves in time and frequency domains

Despite considerable advantages of the railway track over other means of transportation, noise pollution is the main adverse consequence of railway transportation. The basic cause of railway noise is rail corrugation. Although characteristics of railway noise have been considerably studied in the literature, rail corrugation effects on rolling noise generation in tangent tracks and the curves have not been sufficiently investigated. This research addresses the limitations of the current understanding of the rolling noise generation by investigating rail corrugation effects on rolling noise in tangent tracks and curves. This research was made based on the results obtained form a thorough field investigation carried out in a railway line which includes tangents tracks and sharp curves. A track geometry recording car was used to measure rail corrugations. For this purpose, an indirect method was developed in this research to obtain rail corrugation patterns from the data recorded by the track recording car. The effectiveness of the new method was shown. The induced noises were recorded using two particular types of microphones and implementing the method suggested by the ISO 3095 Standard. The rolling noise signal was distinguished from the total noise, using Butterworth Band-Pass Filtering. The role of rail corrugations in the rolling noise was discussed. Correlations were made between various types of corrugations and the induced noises. The results were presented and discussed in the spatial and frequency scales. Results obtained have led to new findings in rail corrugation effects on rolling noise generation. This research paves a way toward a better understanding of rolling noise sources and the parameters influencing the noise.     

Thermal study of the fossilization processes of the extinct fishes in Araripe Geopark

The study of fossil materials is very important in the geological and biological researches. They can involve ancient past, evolution or extinction of species, oil prospecting and the understanding of different areas such as: paleoclimate, paleoecology, paleogeography, in addition of climate, environmental changes and life. Araripe Geopark is located in the south area of the Ceará state in the Northeast of Brazil and it provides a general overview of the Earth’s History. In this study the vertebral column extinct fish, Cladocyclus ferox and its nodule from Santana Formation, Northeast of Brazil, calcite and apatite minerals, and vertebral column of recent fish, Opisthonema oglinum were investigated by means of thermal analysis. TG/DTG and DTA curves showed decomposition processes, suggesting water evolution, calcium carbonate and phosphate decomposition and thermal transitions indicated that fossilization processes of fish, carbonaceous material involved the fossil after its death and the organic substance was replaced by inorganic compounds.