The Effects of Storage on CR-39

The effects of storage temperatures on the track registration of CR-39 as a solid state nuclear track detectors have been investigated. The results show that the storage CR-39 detectors cause partial or complete removal of tracks depending on storaged time and temperatures. The bulk activation energy for CR-39 has been found to be 0.883 eV.     

Alpha Particle Response of CR-39 Polycarbonated Detector

The alpha particle response which is characteristic of polycarbonate detectors CR-39 has been investigated. The track diameter as a function of alpha energy in the range from 5.1–22.2 MeV was examined. The mean track diameter or size of the tracks are found to be energy dependent which decreases as alpha energy increases with a trend at about 14 MeV alpha energy. With regard to the spectroscopy of alpha from track radii, it was stated that the discrimination of lower alpha energies shows better results than the high energies for the present etching condition.

Es wurde die charakteristische Wirkung von Alpha-Teilchen auf die Polycarbonatdetektoren CR-39 untersucht. Der Spurendurchmesser als Funktion der Alpha-Energie wurde im Energiebereich 5,1… 22,2 MeV verfolgt. Der mittlere Spurendurchmesser oder die Spurengroβe waren energieabhängig und nahmen mit zunehmender Alpha-Energie bei einem Trend von ungefähr 14 Me V ab. In being auf die Spektroskopie von Alpha-Teilchen von den Spurenradien wurde festgestellt, daβeine Unterscheidung von niederen Alpha-Energien bessere Ergebnisse brachte als solche bei hohen Energien für die vorliegende Ätzbedingung.     

Funnel-type etched ion tracks in polymers

It is shown that conical track etching is a much more complicated process than generally assumed. The choice of the corresponding parameters (i.e. the ratios of concentrations and diffusion coefficients of both etchant (e.g. NaOH) and stopping solutions (e.g. HCl) and the etching temperature) determines the ratio of polymer dissolution to etchant penetration. The latter value controls the counterplay of diffusion, etching, ionic conductivity, field emission and capacitive effects, which is decisive for both the final track shapes and their electronic properties. The stages of track evolution during etching under different conditions are outlined in detail. Both transparent conical nanopores and “funnel-type” tracks can be obtained, the latter consisting of a shorter cone and a residual latent track. Depending on the internal structure of that latent track segment, such funnel-type tracks either allow smooth transmission of the rectified currents or they emit unipolar current spikes. Not only the study of electronic properties of single ion tracks, but also of a multitude of tracks makes sense. Depending on the applied parameters, the individual track properties may either just add up, or new effects may be found that emerge from the interaction of the tracks among each other. This is preferentially the case for spike-emitting tracks, where effects such as phase-locked spike synchronization can be found as described by neural network theory.     

Radiation-induced transmission loss in optical materials at infrared wavelengths

Information concerning the effect of irradiation on the optical properties of materials in the infrared, sub-mm-and mm-wavelength regions is of increasing importance in fusion plasma diagnostics. The radiation induced transmission loss of a number of materials has therefore been investigated at wavelengths in the ranges 200 nm to 40 μm and 0.23 to 2.0 mm. The samples were irradiated with doses of up to 10¹⁰ rad in a nuclear reactor. While germanium shows considerable transmission loss at doses as low as 10⁶ rad, and the transmission of TPX decreases at 10⁹ rad, other materials, e.g. fused quartz and possibly ZnSe, exhibit sufficient radiation hardness for use in fusion plasma diagnostics.     

Detection threshold in muscovite mica: Influence of the observation tool

For the observation of nuclear tracks, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a useful technique. In our study, we have irradiated a muscovite mica sample using 600 keV oxygen ions. This ion's energy is well below the detection threshold predicted by the existing models. The samples were visualized at high resolution with an AFM device. Before chemical etching no tracks were visualized on the surface at an atomic level. However, defects must have been initiated because tracks became observable after a brief etching time. Our results confirm that the detection threshold is influenced by the observation tool. In this article we provide information concerning the “observability” and “etchability” of latent tracks.     

Investigations of heavy ion tracks in polyethylene naphthalate films

The heavy ion beam (with fluence 3x10⁸ ion/cm²) from a cyclotron has been used for irradiation of thin polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) films. Latent tracks in these polymeric films have been sensitized by UV radiation and then chemically etched in NaOH solution. The etching process parameters have been controlled by the electroconductivity method. After etching, parameters of samples have been examined by SEM and bubble point methods (Coulter® Porometer II instrument). Results have shown good quality of PEN track membranes with pore sizes in the range: 0.1 – 0.5 μm. The described procedure is known for thin polythylene terephthalate (PET) films. Taking into consideration that PEN films have got better mechanical, thermal, gas barrier as well as better chemical resistance properties in comparison with PET films, the possibility of application of such membranes is much wider.     

Study of pore formation during etching of latent tracks of accelerated heavy ions in poly(ethylene terephthalate) by atomic force microscopy

The process of transformation of latent tacks of accelerated heavy ions of poly(ethylene terephthalate) into pores and the formation of a porous structure of track membranes was studied by atomic force microscopy. It was shown that on initial etching, 10-nm high knolls with an average diameter of 800–1000 Å are formed in place of tracks. Based on the knolls, through channels are formed, which emerge on the surface as conical cavities. It was shown that further etching gives first cylindrical channels of diameter 800–1000 Å, which then undergo radial etching.     

印度尼西亚化石树脂的光致发光特征研究

紫外灯下,化石树脂常见荧光现象,但其磷光现象仍有待表征与研究.将印度尼西亚产出的类似多米尼加蓝珀的化石树脂分为白色包体(PartⅠ)、暗色包体(PartⅡ)和基底(PartⅢ)三个部分,使用红外光谱确定其植物来源,借助三维荧光光谱仪表征化石树脂的光致发光现象(包括荧光和磷光),并探讨印尼化石树脂发光现象随地质过程变化的...     

珊瑚化石的红外光谱及XRD研究

通过红外吸收光谱和X射线粉晶衍射分析对不同颜色及质地且表面具放射状纹理的珊瑚化石的结构特征及组成物相进行了研究。结果表明,此类珊瑚化石主要由SiO₂组成,内部仍保留了钙质型珊瑚横断面所特有的放射状显微结构,成因属SiO₂交代作用。不同颜色和质地的珊瑚化石红外吸收光谱基本一致,均显示典型的石英质玉的红外吸收光谱特征。XRD分析表明不同颜色和质地的珊瑚化石主要组成物相一致,为SiO₂,其他矿物极微量,且不含CaCO₃。     

原子光谱和X射线衍射研究禄丰恐龙化石与围岩特征

迄今为止,禄丰老长箐是世界挖掘恐龙化石较多、涵盖时间最长(含有早、中两个侏罗纪的化石)的地区。老长箐恐龙化石的发掘,为古生物研究提供了得天独厚的实验基地。文章首次对该地区3个不同层位的恐龙化石及其围岩的成分和结构做了初步分析。首先采用原子发射光谱分析,发现化石及土样中的含钙量均较高(＞5%);但硅元素的含量则差别较大,在化石中的含硅量较低(3%～8%),围岩中的含硅量较高(＞10%);化石中的含磷量也较高。X射线能谱的进一步分析发现,化石中的主要化学成分是CaCO₃(66%), 其次是SiO₂(17%);围岩中的主要成分是SiO₂(＞80%),其次是CaCO₃(12%)。此外还发现,化石和围岩的最大区别是,化石中含有氟磷酸钙,而围岩中没有该成分。这一点可以作为鉴别伪化石的一个重要特征。文章为化石的鉴别、为人类研究禄丰老长箐恐龙的生态和演化提供了一定的实验依据。