Surface tension and viscosity measurements of liquids with the survismeter: a single instrumental unit

Surface tension (γ) and viscosity (η) data of aqueous solutions of the deoxyadenosine (DOA) and the deoxyribose (DOR) sugars have been measured with the survismeter, a new instrument, along with tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) solvents. The same properties have also been measured with a stalagmometer and a viscosimeter, respectively, which afford the same information, albeit at the expense of a larger amount of chemicals and solvents. We obtain comparatively better accuracy in both kinds of measurements than with conventional methods. Therefore, the survismeter lends itself as a simple and reliable instrument.     

Three‐dimensional computation for flow‐induced vibrations in in‐line and cross‐flow directions of a circular cylinder

We present numerical results for in‐line and cross‐flow vibrations of a circular cylinder, which is immersed in a uniform flow and is elastically supported by damper‐spring systems to compute vibrations of a rigid cylinder. In the case of a circular cylinder with a low Scruton number, it is well‐known that two types of self‐excited vibrations appear in the in‐line direction in the range of low reduced velocities. On the other hand, a cross‐flow vibration of the circular cylinder can be excited in the range of high reduced velocities. Therefore, we compute the flow‐induced vibrations of the circular cylinder in the wide range of the reduced velocities at low and high Scruton numbers and discuss about excitation mechanisms in the in‐line and cross‐flow directions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

弹体尾部轴对称干扰流场数值模拟

绕弹体的超声速气流与发动机喷流相互作用,在尾部形成复杂的干扰流场。本文用有限差分法求解全N-S方程,对这一复杂流场进行了数值模拟,得到了实验观察到的各种流场结构及其随喷口压力比的变化规律。外流M_∞=1.94,R_e∞=2.2×10⁵,喷流M_j=3.0,喷口压力比p_j/p_∞分别为1.03,0.527,0.15三种。差分算法为一种改进的Beam-Warming格式。计算底部压力和激波在喷流中心的反射位置与实验数据进行了比较,吻合较好。     

LD泵浦的Nd：YAG调Q激光器腔内倍频研究

DPL的调Q倍频是获得高重复率绿光输出的有效方法,本文研究了这种激光器的动态特性,提出存在使转换效率最高的最佳非线性耦合系数,它是调Q时反转粒子数超阈值倍数的函数.实验用国产200mWR的MQW—LDA泵浦Nd:YAG激光器,声光调Q,KTP腔内倍频,输出0.4μJ的倍频光,脉宽70ns,峰功率6W.     

微通道板表面发雾的AES分析

应用俄歇电子能谱对微通道板表面发雾区域进行分析。分析结果表明,发雾区碳含量比正常区高三倍。由此可推测出,发雾是由碳污染引起的,而这种碳污染很可能是残留于微通道板上的某些有机物在烧氢时碳化所致。     

Charateristics of a helical axial flow CO_2 laser

A novel CO_2 laser tube which forms a helical axial gas flow is designed. The influences of such a flow on the output laser beam is discussed.     

Kinetic theory of granular shear flow: Constitutive relations for the hard-disk model

A kinetic theory for the constitutive Theological relations of rapid granular shear flow of hard circular disks, characterized by a coefficient of restitutione and a surface roughness coefficient, is formulated. From a set of general constitutive equations for single-particle dynamical variables, the approximate expressions for the limit of small and large dimensionless dissipative parameterR _t are obtained. HereR _t is defined as the ratio /, where is the fluctuation of translational velocity from the mean flow velocity, is the diameter of a disk, and is the shear rate. At smallR _t the theoretical predictions can be compared with exact computer simulation results of granular dynamics that are also reported. The agreement between theory and simulation is better than expected; the present theory is accurate up to high packing density in this region ofR _t .     

考虑行车状态的一维元胞自动机交通流模型

在Nagel Schrekenberg单车道元胞自动机交通流模型（简称NS模型）的基础上，考虑车辆之间的相对运动薛郁等提出了一种改进的单车道元胞自动机交通流模型（简称改进的NS模型）.通过两种情况列出了改进的NS模型存在不尽周严的地方，随之在新模型中引入了行车状态 变量和反馈规则，从而控制车辆出现倒车和刹车过急等现象.通过计算机对新模型进行模拟 ，发现减速概率和车流密度对车流状态的演化影响很大，当减速概率高（如道路条件差）时 ，即使车流密度低，车流也会出现局部堵塞状态；而当减速概率一定时，随着车流密度增加 ，车流的运动相与堵塞相发生了全局性的交替出现，此时类似于波的波峰和波谷的传播.与 改进的NS模型相比较，新模型模拟的车流量较高，说明新模型减少了车流的总体停滞状态. 关键词： 交通流 元胞自动机 行车状态 反馈规则     

推移质运动的动力学模型

近底水充中推移质的输称属于固液二相流问题,本文针对固相推移质具有的随机和力学双重特性,通过类似分子运动论中Boltzmann方程的推导方法,建立起推移质运动的控制微分方程,其中碰撞项主要考虑推移层颗粒与床面层颗粒的碰撞效应,据此获得推移质输移问题的固液二相流模型－－动力学模型,将推移质通量与所受外力联系起来,便于揭示推移质运动的力学本质,开辟推移质理论研究的新途径。     

髋臼四方区解剖型自锁定钢板的数字技术设计

为探讨使用数字技术设计新型髋臼四方区自锁定解剖型钢板, 采集宁波市第六医院影像科2020年1月至2020年12月, 25~50岁正常男女骨盆CT数据, 选择中位数的骨盆CT作为模型. 将CT数据依次导入Mimics 21.0软件和Unigraphics NX软件, 生成三维骨盆模型. 用CAD软件画出钢板螺钉dwg格式二维图像后导入Unigraphics NX软件, 建立stl格式钢板螺钉三维模型, 设计钢板厚2.0~3.0mm, 实心皮质骨螺钉Ф3.5/5.5mm. 在三维空间视图中, 将钢板螺钉装配到骨盆模型, 重点观察三维透视图、钉道纵轴切面图、螺钉与钢板的锁定角度, 校对功能固定区、定位孔、阻挡孔、固定孔、应力桥、滑动槽等指标, 优化钢板形态和螺钉钉道, 一块钢板同时固定髋臼四方区、臼顶负重区、前后柱、前后壁. stl格式数据输出至打印机, 3D打印钢板, 装配到骨盆模型, 校对钢板与骨盆的匹配度, 确定最优化的图像数据. 根据患者骨盆CT导出的数据, 用Unigraphics NX软件建立三维骨盆模型, 可灵活设计钢板螺钉, 精度达到0.2mm, 即刻修改钢板螺钉形态数据, 虚拟内固定. 数字技术设计不再需要手工标本测量和CT图像测量, 可提高新型内固定装置的设计效率, 为个性化骨科内植物设计、精准固定手术提供了新路径.