增材制造八角桁架点阵结构材料的力学行为

基于激光选区熔化增材制造技术(SLM), 以GP1不锈钢为母材, 制备4种相对密度的八角桁架点阵结构试样, 开展了准静态单轴压缩和直接撞击式霍普金森压杆实验, 并结合显式有限元计算模拟, 研究了相对密度和加载速率对八角桁架点阵结构试样在力学响应、变形模式和吸能特性的影响. 结果显示: (1)相对密度是影响八角桁架点阵结构材料力学响应的关键参数, 屈服载荷随着相对密度基本呈线性增长, 并且表现出明显的应变率强化效应; (2)在准静态压缩下, 随着相对密度增大, 八角桁架点阵结构的变形模式由弯扭屈曲模式逐渐向稳定屈服模式转变; 而在冲击压缩下, 八角桁架点阵结构的变形模式随着冲击速度由对称稳定变形模式向非对称逐渐压垮模式转变; (3)八角桁架点阵结构总吸能随着相对密度线性增大, 而比吸能随着相对密度呈现双线性变化, 在相对密度30%处出现拐折, 当相对密度高于30%后, 比吸能增大缓慢; (4)与准静态加载相比, 冲击加载下八角桁架点阵结构的总吸能和比吸能都显著提升.     

基于动态模态分解的长江口海表温度时空分布特征重构研究

河口近海海域的海表温度分布特征对于深入理解海洋热力、动力过程及海气相互作用等自然过程及综合效应具有重要意义。卫星数据重构是精确获取动态大面积海表温度数据的重要手段,采用非线性系统的动态模态分解（dynamic mode decomposition,DMD）数据分析方法,利用2003年1月至2016年7月的MODIS\SST数据,经剔除异常数据、填补空白数据后,重构了2016年8月至2019年12月长江口海洋表面温度数据,并评估了重构效果。研究结果表明,在时序数据充足的情况下,DMD算法能很好地解决动态系统的采样问题。DMD结合正交三角（orthogonal right triangular,QR）分解算法能有效重构长江口的海表温度数据,平均均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）为0.007 6。进一步分析发现,无论是DMD算法还是DMD结合QR分解算法,还原结果精度都较高。     

生产井开发指标的分层分方向定量计算方法

针对注水开发的多层砂岩油藏分层动态分析难度大等问题,在常规井层开发指标计算基础上,结合动、静态劈分方法,综合考虑渗透率、孔隙度、地层系数、含水饱和度、位置系数、措施系数及注水量系数,提出了一种既可将油、水井作为统一整体,又可对小层、方向流动分量开发指标进行定量计算的体现渗流力学本质的方法。用大庆油田N2-O1井组的产液剖面资料进行验证。结果表明,所提方法的计算结果与测量结果吻合度较高,精度平均值达75.11%。用该方法计算开发指标,适用性强,能较真实地反映各小层、各方向的产液情况,对现场应用具有指导意义。     

新型固体氧化物燃料电池连接件的结构设计与数值仿真

离散型连接件构成的固体氧化物燃料电池结构中存在反应气体容易产生涡流和较小压降等问题, 影响电池的输出功率. 本文基于COMSOL Multiphysics仿真平台, 建立离散型连接件的固体氧化物燃料电池的三维模型进行数值仿真模拟. 考虑其气体流量、组成、质量以及电化学反应过程, 研究离散型连接件电池阳极和阴极内反应气体的流速、流道阻力和浓度对电池工作性能的影响, 并与相同工况下的平直流道型连接件的固体氧化物燃料电池三维模型进行比较. 结果表明: 离散型连接件的固体氧化物燃料电池流道内的气体流速较大, 气体浓度下降较慢, 有较强的流道传质能力, 与平直流道型连接件的固体氧化物燃料电池相比, 离散型连接件电池的最大输出功率提升了61.27％.     

高强钢筋混凝土单向板在非接触爆炸下的抗爆性能研究

钢筋混凝土(RC)单向板是桥梁建设的重要组成部分. 对6块高强RC单向板进行非接触爆炸试验, 研究HRB400、HRB500和HTRB600高强RC单向板的抗爆性能, 分析爆炸后试件的破坏形态和参数. 结果表明 非接触爆炸下, 3种类型高强钢筋混凝土单向板的破坏形态相似, 单向板整体响应后出现弯曲破坏, 侧表面出现多条弯曲破坏裂缝; 在2.5kgTNT作用下的HTRB600高强RC单向板的裂缝数量和裂缝类型与2.1kgTNT作用下的HRB500高强RC单向板和1.7 kgTNT作用下的HRB400高强RC单向板差别不大, 相差范围在1条裂缝以内; HTRB600高强RC单向板在承受更大载荷时, 其平均加速度峰值比低载荷下HRB500、HRB400高强RC单向板分别增加45.1%和88.6%, 其抗弯承载力更好, 刚度更大.     

统一的对流扩散型可压缩流体力学方程与解法

流体力学的动量方程、能量方程、湍动能方程和耗散方程都具有对流扩散方程的形式,但连续方程却不是对流扩散型的。对于可压缩问题,本文通过合理的数学推导,不作任何近似、假定与简化,得到一个全新的连续方程形式．该连续方程以压力为未知变量,并具有对流扩散型形式,使得所有的流体动力学方程组都具有完全统一的方程形式,给出了这种三维对流扩散方程组的有限精确差分计算格式。对流体力学的进一步发展具有一定意义．     

Anti-diffusion method for interface steepening in two-phase incompressible flow

In this paper, we present a method for obtaining sharp interfaces in two-phase incompressible flows by an anti-diffusion correction, that is applicable in a straight-forward fashion for the improvement of two-phase flow solution schemes typically employed in practical applications. The underlying discretization is based on the volume-of-fluid (VOF) interface-capturing method on unstructured meshes. The key idea is to steepen the interface, independently of the underlying volume-fraction transport equation, by solving a diffusion equation with reverse time, i.e. an anti-diffusion equation, after each advection time step of the volume fraction. As the solution of the anti-diffusion equation requires regularization, a limiter based on the directional derivative is developed for calculating the gradient of the volume fraction. This limiter ensures the boundedness of the volume fraction. In order to control the amount of anti-diffusion introduced by the correction algorithm we propose a suitable stopping criterion for interface steepening. The formulation of the limiter and the algorithm for solving the anti-diffusion equation are applicable to 3-dimensional unstructured meshes. Validation computations are performed for passive advection of an interface, for 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional rising-bubbles, and for a rising drop in a periodically constricted channel. The results demonstrate that sharp interfaces can be recovered reliably. They show that the accuracy is similar to or even better than that of level-set methods using comparable discretizations for the flow and the level-set evolution. Also, we observe a good agreement with experimental results for the rising drop where proper interface evolution requires accurate mass conservation.     

First-order system least squares and the energetic variational approach for two-phase flow

This paper develops a first-order system least-squares (FOSLS) formulation for equations of two-phase flow. The main goal is to show that this discretization, along with numerical techniques such as nested iteration, algebraic multigrid, and adaptive local refinement, can be used to solve these types of complex fluid flow problems. In addition, from an energetic variational approach, it can be shown that an important quantity to preserve in a given simulation is the energy law. We discuss the energy law and inherent structure for two-phase flow using the Allen–Cahn interface model and indicate how it is related to other complex fluid models, such as magnetohydrodynamics. Finally, we show that, using the FOSLS framework, one can still satisfy the appropriate energy law globally while using well-known numerical techniques.     

Car Deceleration Considering Its Own Velocity in Cellular Automata Model

In this paper, we propose a new cellular automaton model, which is based on NaSch traffic model. In our method, when a car has a larger velocity, if the gap between the car and its leading car is not enough large, it will decrease. The aim is that the following car has a buffer space to decrease its velocity at the next time, and then avoid to decelerate too high. The simulation results show that using our model, the car deceleration is realistic, and is closer to the field measure than that of NaSch model.