舰船捷联惯导传递对准仿真验证系统设计

为解决船用捷联惯导系统传递对准仿真中载体机动方式与实际差别较大的问题,提出了基于舰船空间运动的传递对准精度考核的仿真验证系统,提高载体机动方式仿真逼真度。仿真验证系统通过舰船空间运动建模,提供接近真实运动环境的空间运动参数;通过设计空间变换算法,实现了空间运动参数与主惯导惯性器件模拟输入的转化;通过杆臂及挠曲变形计算,实现了子惯导惯性器件模拟输入的转化;文中给出了各模块的算法及解算流程。速度+姿态传递对准算法仿真验证结果为10 s内水平失准角精度优于0.02;方位失准角精度优于0.05。仿真验证试验结果表明了该方案的可行性和实用性,该方案为其他领域的传递对准方案分析及验证提供了有效的参考依据。     

北京谱仪桶部簇射计数器能量响应特性研究

在北京正负电子对撞机的J/ψ和Ds能区,选择了辐射巴巴事例,并以此来研究北京谱仪的桶部簇射计数器能量响应特性.在消除了由于电子和辐射光子在桶部簇射计数器中沉积能量区域重叠的影响后,正确地得到了桶部簇射计数器在电子和光子动量小于2GeV以下的能量响应,表明在所研究能区,桶部簇射计数器的能量响应线性很好.对桶部簇射计数器微小的非线性进行修正后,重建的π0不变质量谱得到改善.     

Estimates of Europa’s ice shell thickness and strain rate from flanking cracks and bulge along Ridge R

Europa, the second Galilean satellite outward from Jupiter, has an outer layer of water of about 100 km thick and an outmost ice shell. The thickness of the ice shell is very important in understanding Europa’s habitability and thermal history, but estimates from different studies are very inconsistent, ranging from 0.2 to 30 km. Here we obtain an estimate of the ice shell thickness from locations of flanking crack and forebulge along Ridge R. Considering the water’s heating process to nearby ice shell in the crack, a flexure model is applied and it suggests the thickness of an ice shell to be 500–1500 m without a convective layer. Compared with previous studies using the same method but ignoring the water’s heating process, the rationality and accuracy have been improved dramatically in our results. We also get some constraints on the strain rate and the characteristic temperature T _c, which defines the base of the elastic layer.     

A jaw model for the study of the mandibular flexure taking into account the anisotropy of the bone

Knowledge of the complex biomechanical behaviour of the human mandible is of great importance in various clinical situations. The biomechanical and physical behaviour of mandibles have been investigated by different approaches. Some research have been done to evaluate the functional character of mandibles. Methods such as indirect measurement of deformations performed by intraoral appliances and by holographic interferometry have being employed. Other studies evaluated the mechanical properties and material parameters of small cubes of mandibles. One disadvantage of the experiments using strain gauges or holographic interferometry is the inability to determine strains at defined positions within the specimen. Additionally, research in biomechanics by these methods is limited to surface deformations and neither stresses nor dislocations can be measured.In the course of this study, we have investigated the mandibular flexure under mechanical loads using the results of a Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In order to obtain more accurate and realistic results, the bone anisotropy has being taken into account for the mathematical modelling of the jaw.The objective of this study was to establish a non-invasive procedure to predict precisely the complex biomechanical reactions of mandibles under mechanical loading. In order to achieve this aim, a comparison of the numerical data obtained with the experimental values of previous studies was performed. It showed a good correlation between in vitro measurements and mathematical modelling. Then the Finite Elements (FE) model was used to evaluate some mandibular movements (corporal approximation, dorsoventral shear, and corporal rotation in edentulous subjects).It is concluded that the applied procedure of generating the FE model is a valid and accurate non-invasive method to predict different parameters of the complex biomechanical behaviour of human mandibles.     

基于惯性参考系基准的快速传递对准方法

研究了以惯性参考系为基准的新型传递对准方法。推导了计算惯性坐标系和计算体坐标系传递对准动态误差模型,并给出了相应的"速度+姿态"观测方程。基于惯性参考系的对准方法通过链式法则将子惯导输出的姿态矩阵描述为三个变换矩阵之积,其中两个变换矩阵通过对准时间和主惯导提供的位置信息可得到精确求解,剩余的变换矩阵(子惯导体坐标系至惯性坐标系间的变换矩阵)通过子惯导陀螺仪的输出进行解算,其误差通过传递对准估计得到的失准角进行补偿。对提出的两种对准方法进行摇摆实验验证,方位对准误差优于4’(1)。与传统基于导航坐标系的方法相比,基于惯性坐标系的方法直接将误差定位到惯性坐标系上,具有算法简便的特点。     

基于H_∞滤波的主/子惯导组合中挠曲变形补偿算法

针对舰载环境下,主/子惯导组合中主、子惯导间的挠曲变形问题,设计了H?滤波算法。算法将主、子惯导间的挠曲变形作为一种能量有限的量测噪声,通过H?滤波对不确定噪声的鲁棒性来保证滤波精度。在经典的"速度+姿态"匹配方法的基础上,仿真比较了:1)方案一,已知挠曲变形时的标准Kalman滤波算法;2)方案二,未知挠曲变形时的标准Kalman滤波算法;3)方案三,未知挠曲变形时的H?滤波算法。仿真误差曲线直观表明:基于H?滤波算法可以在未知挠曲变形时有效提高组合精度;统计结果表明:滤波方案三得到的姿态与速度的系统误差、随机误差均与理想条件下的方案一相当;相较于方案二,滤波方案三得到的姿态与速度的系统误差至少可减小40%,随机误差至少可减少15%。     

高精度单晶硅挠性摆式加速度计组件的工程化实现

针对单晶硅挠性摆式加速度计的高精度工程化应用需求,设计了加速度计组件及温控系统。针对大多数温控系统工作时的瞬时电流较大问题,设计了一种带抽头的加热片,将温控分为粗温控和精温控两个阶段,不同阶段采用不同的加热电阻。测试结果表明,设定目标温度为60℃,当外界环境温度从5℃到55℃变化时,温控系统到温时间小于15 min,控温精度小于±0.1℃,精温控时的最大电流为粗温控时的33.4%。连续15天通电实验表明,该组件的加速度计刻度系数K1稳定性小于10×10~(-6),偏值K0稳定性小于10μg,满足各类高精度、工程化的应用需求。     

炮管在新应力函数作用下的解析计算

为解决长期以来利用均布压力近似代替电磁发射炮管厚壁所受变力所造成的误差的难题,在三维空间提供了电磁发射炮管受双曲余弦函数载荷压力的数学模型,构造一个既满足边界条件,又满足双调和方程的特殊应力函数,推导出电磁发射炮管在柱面上受双曲余弦分布压力、端面上受常力时的解析解并导出电磁发射炮管所受压力沿轴向不变时的极限即为Lamè公式,又求出其解析解并解出电磁发射炮管所受压力沿轴向不变时的极限,通过记录电磁炮发射时炮管的应变值,比较其理论与实验结果,可以得出这两者有较高的吻合度。这为今后求解各类电磁发射炮管受任意分布压力作用的变形计算问题以及将其实践化以便延长炮管使用寿命。促进电磁炮的实用化进程提供理论依据,同时也为液压缸等轴对称圆筒件的应力分析奠定了理论基础。     

A sequence-based computational model for the prediction of the solvent accessible surface area for α-helix and β-barrel transmembrane residues

Predicting the solvent accessible surface area (ASA) of transmembrane (TM) residues is of great importance for experimental researchers to elucidate diverse physiological processes. TM residues fall into two major structural classes (α-helix membrane protein and β-barrel membrane protein). The reported solvent ASA prediction models were developed for these two types of TM residues respectively. However, this prevents the general use of these methods because one cannot determine which model is suitable for a given TM residue without information of its type. To conquer this limitation, we developed a new computational model that can be used for predicting the ASA of both TM α-helix and β-barrel residues. The model was developed from 78 α-helix membrane protein chains and 24 β-barrel membrane protein. Its prediction ability was evaluated by cross validation method and its prediction result on an independent test set of 20 membrane protein chains. The results show that our model performs well for both types of TM residues and outperforms other prediction model which was developed for the specific type of TM residues. The prediction results also proved that the random forest model incorporating conservation score is an effective sequence-based computational approach for predicting the solvent ASA of TM residues.     

广角镜头桶形畸变的二元二次多项式修正法

为了修正广角镜头的桶形畸变,提出了一种基于二元二次多项式的修正方法,阐述了其图像的像素坐标校正和像素灰度恢复方法。该方法首先用模板对广角镜头进行对准相对标定,然后用二元二次多项式拟合畸变图像与非畸变图像像素坐标之间的规律,最后把该方法应用于某广角镜头拍摄的图像,并采用最小二乘法对校正效果进行评价。结果表明:在不考虑视觉系统具体参数的情况下,该方法能够有效地对广角镜头桶形畸变进行修正。