应用可视芯片技术高通量鉴别8种鱼成分

为探索鱼肉品种快速鉴别方法,以鱼类小清蛋白基因为靶标,设计了多宝鱼、银鲳鱼、金枪鱼、暗纹东方鲀、青石斑鱼、带鱼、大黄鱼以及东星斑鱼8种鱼的通用引物以及特异性探针,利用可视芯片技术,建立了一种鱼肉品种的高通量快速检测方法。该方法特异性好、灵敏、通量高,可同时准确鉴别8种鱼成分,检测灵敏度均可达0.1 ng/μL,且结果肉眼可见。该方法在鱼肉及其制品掺假现场快速筛查方面具有较大应用潜力。     

A novel,simple and robust method for the analysis of sulfonamides in fish farming water samples using column switching liquid chromatography

A novel method for the online extraction and preconcentration of four sulfonamides was developed using column switching liquid chromatography. Sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfamethoxazole were analysed in water samples and preconcentrated in a C18 guard column. Suitable validation parameters were obtained, such as precision, accuracy and relative recovery, in accordance with the validation guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration. Low limits of detection (0.05–0.09 µg L^?1) and quantification (0.30 µg L^?1, for all of them) were obtained. The quadratic polynomial model was used to adjust the calibration data, and the coefficients of determination were higher than 0.999 for all the analytes. The method was shown to be robust to the assayed parameters according to Youden’s test. The proposed method was successfully used to determine sulfonamides in 11 different fish farming water samples, in which sulfadiazine (0.732 µg L^?1), sulfamethoxazole (0.531 µg L^?1), sulfathiazole (0.546–1.856 µg L^?1) and sulfamethoxypyridazine (0.369–1.509 µg L^?1) were found.     

Determination of organophosphate flame retardants in soil and fish using ultrasound‐assisted extraction,solid‐phase clean‐up,and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

A solid–liquid extraction method in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed and optimized for extraction and analysis of organophosphorus flame retardants in soil and fish. Methanol was chosen as the optimum extraction solvent, not only in terms of extraction efficiency, but also for its broader analyte coverage. The subsequent clean‐up by solid‐phase extraction is required to eliminate matrix coextractives and reduce matrix effects. Recoveries of the optimized method were 50–121% for soil and 47–123% for biota, both with high precision (RSDs <12% in soil and <23% in biota). The method limits of detection ranged from 0.06 to 0.20 ng/g dry weight and between 0.02 and 0.30 ng/g wet weight for soil and biota samples, respectively. However, samples with a high lipid content produce several problems as solid‐phase extraction cartridge clogging that increase variability and analysis time. The method was successfully applied for the determination of organophosphorus flame retardants in soil and fish from L'Albufera Natural Park (Valencia, Spain). Target compounds were detected in all soil and fish samples with values varying from 13.8 to 89.7 ng/g dry weight and from 3.3 to 53.0 ng/g wet weight, respectively.     

鱼、贝类等水产品中全氟化合物分析方法的研究

以高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用(HPLC-MS/MS)方法测定了鱼和贝类常见水产品样品中的9种全氟化合物。鱼和贝类样品前处理采用碱消解后固相萃取的方法,并选取WAX(Oasis,Waters)作为固相萃取柱,洗提液经N2浓缩定容后用HPLC-MS/MS检测。方法对标准的回收率为97.6%~120.8%,并且对实际样品也得到了很好的回收效果;除贝类样品中PFDoDA和PFTA回收率较低外,对鱼肉和贝类样品的加标回收实验都取得了较为满意的结果。目标物的分离采用Acclaim 120 C18反相柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以CH3OH和50 mmol/L NH4Ac为淋洗液进行二元梯度淋洗,10 min内即可完成对全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)、全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)和7种全氟羧酸(C7~C12,C14)的分析,方法对样品中9种分析物的检出限可达到0.16~2.0 ng/g(10μL进样)。     

Light-Based 3D Printing of Gelatin-Based Biomaterial Inks to Create a Physiologically Relevant In Vitro Fish Intestinal Model

To provide prominent accessibility of fishmeal to the European population, the currently available, time- and cost-extensive feeding trials, which evaluate fish feed, should be replaced. The current paper reports on the development of a novel 3D culture platform, mimicking the microenvironment of the intestinal mucosa in vitro. The key requirements of the model include sufficient permeability for nutrients and medium-size marker molecules (equilibrium within 24 h), suitable mechanical properties (G' < 10 kPa), and close morphological similarity to the intestinal architecture. To enable processability with light-based 3D printing, a gelatin-methacryloyl-aminoethyl-methacrylate-based biomaterial ink is developed and combined with Tween 20 as porogen to ensure sufficient permeability. To assess the permeability properties of the hydrogels, a static diffusion setup is utilized, indicating that the hydrogel constructs are permeable for a medium size marker molecule (FITC-dextran 4 kg mol⁻¹). Moreover, the mechanical evaluation through rheology evidence a physiologically relevant scaffold stiffness (G' = 4.83 ± 0.78 kPa). Digital light processing-based 3D printing of porogen-containing hydrogels results in the creation of constructs exhibiting a physiologically relevant microarchitecture as evidenced through cryo-scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the combination of the scaffolds with a novel rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal epithelial cell line (RTdi-MI) evidence scaffold biocompatibility.     

抗坏血酸钛对鱼类、贝类及无尾两栖类的毒性研究

抗坏血酸钛对鲢鱼、草鱼、金鱼及泥鳅的毒性都很低,其96h TLm值为1736～10930mg/l。（敏感性顺序:鲢鱼>草鱼>金鱼>泥鳅）抗坏血酸钛对湖螺的48h TLm值与对蟾蜍蝌蚪的96hTLm值分别为12847.2与1886.5mg/l。经皮下注射,抗坏血酸钛对中华大蟾蜍的LD50为2.87g/kg。微核试验表明,钛试     

抗坏血酸稀土对鱼类的急性毒性试验

本试验对抗坏血酸稀土对鱼类的急性毒性进行了研究。结果表明:抗坏血酸稀土对鲢鱼、草鱼、金鱼和泥鳅的96hrTLm值为50.14～495.27mg/l。根据鱼类急性毒性毒物的分级暂定标准,抗坏血酸稀土对鱼类属低毒物质。     

四种淡水鱼类前肠的组织学比较研究

对２ 种肉食性鱼与２ 种杂食性鱼前肠组织学进行了比较研究。乌鳢、鲶消化道短而粗,咽齿发达,有胃结构;前肠粘膜褶较低,纹状缘较厚,杯状细胞数目相对较少而大。鳊、鲫鱼消化道细长,没有胃的分化;前肠粘膜褶高,纹状缘薄,杯状细胞数目相对乌鳢、鲶鱼较多。     

The Effect of Wall Material Type on the Encapsulation Efficiency and Oxidative Stability of Fish Oils

Fish oil is the primary source of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, which are important nutrients that assist in the prevention and treatment of heart disease and have many health benefits. It also contains vitamins that are lipid-soluble, such as vitamins A and D. This work aimed to determine how the wall material composition influenced the encapsulation efficiency and oxidative stability of omega fish oils in spray-dried microcapsules. In this study, mackerel, sardine waste oil, and sand smelt fish oil were encapsulated in three different wall materials (whey protein, gum Arabic (AG), and maltodextrin) by conventional spray-drying. The effect of the different wall materials on the encapsulation efficiency (EE), flowability, and oxidative stability of encapsulated oils during storage at 4 °C was investigated. All three encapsulating agents provided a highly protective effect against the oxidative deterioration of the encapsulated oils. Whey protein was found to be the most effective encapsulated agent comparing to gum Arabic and maltodextrin. The results indicated that whey protein recorded the highest encapsulation efficiency compared to the gum Arabic and maltodextrin in all encapsulated samples with EE of 71.71%, 68.61%, and 64.71% for sand smelt, mackerel, and sardine oil, respectively. Unencapsulated fish oil samples (control) recorded peroxide values (PV) of 33.19, 40.64, and 47.76 meq/kg oil for sand smelt, mackerel, and sardine oils after 35 days of storage, while all the encapsulated samples showed PV less than 10 in the same storage period. It could be concluded that all the encapsulating agents provided a protective effect to the encapsulated fish oil and elongated the shelf life of it comparing to the untreated oil sample (control). The results suggest that encapsulation of fish oil is beneficial for its oxidative stability and its uses in the production of functional foods.     

Release of Cinnamaldehyde and Thymol from PLA/Tilapia Fish Gelatin-Sodium Alginate Bilayer Films to Liquid and Solid Food Simulants,and Japanese Sea Bass: A Comparative Study

This study aimed to develop an active biodegradable bilayer film and to investigate the release behaviors of active compounds into different food matrices. Cinnamaldehyde (CI) or thymol (Ty) was encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) to prepare the active β-CD inclusion complex (β-CD-CI/β-CD-Ty). The tilapia fish gelatin-sodium alginate composite (FGSA) containing β-CD-CI or β-CD-Ty was coated on the surface of PLA film to obtain the active bilayer film. Different food simulants including liquid food simulants (water, 3% acetic acid, 10% ethanol, and 95% ethanol), solid dry food simulant (modified polyphenylene oxide (Tenax TA)), and the real food (Japanese sea bass) were selected to investigate the release behaviors of bilayer films into different food matrixes. The results showed that the prepared β-CD inclusion complexes distributed evenly in the cross-linking structure of FGSA and improved the thickness and water contact angle of the bilayer films. Active compounds possessed the lowest release rates in Tenax TA, compared to the release to liquid simulants and sea bass. CI and Ty sustained the release to the sea bass matrix with a similar behavior to the release to 95% ethanol. The bilayer film containing β-CD-Ty exhibited stronger active antibacterial and antioxidant activities, probably due to the higher release efficiency of Ty in test mediums.