超强频率梳激光场驱动下多光子共振谐波辐射的相位突变研究

本文从理论上研究了在双色频率梳激光场驱动下多光子谐波辐射光谱中的相位突变现象。我们利用Floquet理论非微扰地模拟了频率梳激光场与原子分子等量子系统的相互作用过程。谐波辐射信号是多光子偶极跃迁相干叠加的结果,通过调节频率梳激光场间的相对相位,可以相干地控制谐波辐射信号的强度。通过对谐波信号进行傅里叶变换,可以提取不同跃迁路径的相对相位信息。我们通过改变频率梳组激光场的强度和频率组分实现多光子跃迁频率,让其跨越共振跃迁频率时,谐波相位会发生突变。从而可以观测超强激光场驱动下量子系统共振跃迁频率的斯塔克能移。     

Comment on: “Entanglement in three coupled oscillators” [Phys. Lett. A 384 (2020) 126134]

In this comment we analyze a method for the solution of the eigenvalue equation for three coupled harmonic oscillators proposed recently. We argue that the authors did not obtain the frequencies and coordinates of the normal modes that make the Hamiltonian operator diagonal but merely six transcendental equations for the relevant parameters that they did not attempt to solve. We derive the conditions for the existence of bound states that the authors did not appear to be able to obtain probably because of the complexity exhibited by those equations.     

Effect of Zr concentration on the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of NbIr3 intermetallic compounds from theoretical estimations

ABSTRACT

The iridium is an important metal which has excellent resistance to corrosion at high temperature. L1₂ intermetallic compounds i.e. Ir₃Nb and Ir₃Zr, with similar lattice parameters are ideal for working at high temperature. They are fully soluble due to their low lattice misfit. A first-principle investigation into the effect of doping Zr with different concentrations on the electronic structure, mechanical and thermodynamic properties of NbIr₃ has been studied to prompt the development of novel high-temperature materials. Nine Zr_xNb_8?xIr₂₄ compounds are carefully considered. The results show that adding Zr into these compounds can strengthen their structural stability and ductility. Nevertheless, it reduces the elastic modulus and elastic stiffness. Simultaneously, with the increase of Zr content, the thermodynamic properties of these compounds decrease. It is also found that the changes of elastic modulus are mainly attributed to the variations of bonds in these compounds.     

Second harmonic magnetoacoustic responses of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction

Due to the unique magnetic, mechanical and thermal properties, magnetic nanoparticles(MNPs) have comprehensive applications as the contrast and therapeutic agents in biomedical imaging and magnetic hyperthermia. The linear and nonlinear magnetoacoustic responses determined by the magnetic properties of MNPs have attracted more and more attention in biomedical engineering. By considering the relaxation time of MNPs, we derive the formulae of second harmonic magnetoacoustic responses(2H-MARs) for a cylindrical MNP solution model based on the mechanical oscillations of MNPs in magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI). It is proved that only the second harmonic magnetoacoustic oscillations can be generated by MNPs under an alternating magnetic excitation. The acoustic pressure of the 2H-MAR is proportional to the square of the magnetic field intensity and exhibits a linear increase with the concentration of MNPs. Numerical simulations of the 2H-MAR are confirmed by the experimental measurements for various magnetic field intensities and solution concentrations using a laser vibrometer. The favorable results demonstrate the feasibility of the harmonic measurements without the fundamental interference of the electromagnetic excitation, and suggest a new harmonic imaging strategy of MAT-MI for MNPs with enhanced spatial resolution and improved signal-to-noise ratio in biomedical applications.     

Charged pion condensation in anti-parallel electromagnetic fields and nonzero isospin density

The formation of charged pion condensate in anti-parallel electromagnetic fields and in the presence of the isospin chemical potential is studied in the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.The method of Schwinger proper time is extended to explore the quantities in the off-diagonal flavor space,i.e.the charged pion.In this framework,π^± are treated as bound states of quarks and not as point-like charged particles.The isospin chemical potential plays the role of a trigger for charged pion condensation.We obtain the associated effective potential as a function of the strength of the electromagnetic fields and find that it contains a sextic term which possibly induces a weak first order phase transition.The dependence of pion condensation on model parameters is investigated.     

Fe3O4(001)-B表面水煤气变换反应机理第一性原理研究

采用自旋极化的密度泛函理论方法系统地研究了Fe_3O_4(001)-B表面水煤气变换的反应机理,计算了整个反应历程。结果表明,对于Fe_3O_4(001)-B表面上的水煤气变换反应,氧化还原、联合和再生三种反应路径共存,但氧化还原和联合机理的有效能垒较低,因而更占优势。对于生成H_2的基元反应,其活性受表面H浓度和催化剂表面O缺陷浓度影响;较高的表面H浓度和O缺陷浓度均有利于H_2生成。这些结果有助于进一步认识铁氧催化剂上的水煤气变换反应机理。     

第一过渡系金属-镝单分子磁体研究进展与展望

第一过渡系中的顺磁性离子Cr^Ⅲ、Mn^Ⅱ/Mn^Ⅲ、Fe^Ⅱ/Fe^Ⅲ、Co^Ⅱ、Ni^Ⅱ和Cu^Ⅱ及抗磁性离子Co^Ⅲ和Zn^Ⅱ均可与Dy^Ⅲ在多齿螯合配体配位下形成单分子磁体配合物。在本文中,我们阐述或汇总了几乎所有的第一过渡系金属-镝单分子磁体。对于由顺磁性第一过渡金属离子和Dy^Ⅲ离子形成的配合物,有2个有趣的现象需要引起人们的注意：一是一些Cr-Dy配合物具有较高的阻塞温度和较大的矫顽场,这可归功于配合物内Cr^Ⅲ离子和Dy^Ⅲ离子之间较强的磁耦合作用（|J|>10 cm^-1）。二是报道的Fe^Ⅱ₂-Dy配合物的能垒可达到319 cm^-1（459 K）,这在第一过渡系金属-镝单分子磁体中也是比较高的。这可能与Fe^Ⅱ₂-Dy中Dy^Ⅲ具有较高的轴向对称性（D_5h）有关,且从头计算表明该配合物中Dy的第一激发态也具有较高的轴向对称性。除了部分Cr-Dy和Fe^Ⅱ-Dy配合物外,其他顺磁性第一过渡金属-Dy的能垒较低,这可能由配合物内顺磁离子间弱的磁耦合造成的。为了消除磁耦合对磁弛豫行为影响,近年来人们关注于使用抗磁性第一过渡金属离子与Dy^Ⅲ构建单分子磁体配合物。相比其他核数的Zn-Dy配合物,三核Zn₂Dy配合物被报道的数目最多且研究得最为深入,这可能与较易调控Zn₂Dy中Dy配位几何对称性有关。最后,我们提出了几点关于进一步提升第一过渡系金属-镝单分子磁体的磁性能的建议,其中最为重要的是控制Dy配位几何的轴向对称性及Dy的基态m_J的电荷分布。对于第一过渡系金属-镝单分子磁体中的Dy^Ⅲ离子,Dy^Ⅲ基态m_J的电荷与配体的电荷之间的静电排斥应该降到最低。     

Electronic and Optical Properties of KNbO3,NaNbO3 and K0.5 Na0.5 NbO3 in Paraelectric Cubic Phase：a Comparative First-principles Study

The structural,electronic and optical properties of KNbO 3 (KN),NaNbO3(NN)and K05 Na0.5NbO3(KNN) in paraelectric cubic phase were calculated employing the plane-wave pseudopotential method based on density functional theory (DFT).The calculated electronic structures of the three crystals show similar features in the valence bands and the lower conduction bands.However,the structures in higher conduction bands differ markedly due to the effect of Na and K atoms.The calculated optical properties reveal that the features of optical spectrum at low energy are dominated by the transitions from O2p valence bands to Nb 4d conduction bands and those at high energy are related to the transitions to K 4s4p and/or Na 3s3p states.Moreover,the optical constants of KNN are approximately the average of KN and NN at high energy.Therefore,the optical properties of KNN in high energy region can probably be altered by changing the ratio of Na/K.     

非线性光学研究水及电解质水溶液界面——空气/电解质水溶液界面特定阴阳离子效应

水及电解质溶液界面在物理、化学、环境及生物等各种过程中扮演着至关重要的角色。百年来科学家用各种实验及理论方法研究水及电解质溶液界面,试图理解其界面的结构及动力学。最近的实验和理论研究表明离子能够影响电解质水溶液界面结构,可极化性大的阴离子甚至会在界面富集。本文综述了我们研究组近年来利用二阶非线性光学方法--非共振的二次谐波与和频振动光谱研究水及电解质溶液界面的进展。首先我们研究了空气/纯水界面非共振二次谐波信号的来源,研究结果证明了空气/纯水界面非共振二次谐波信号完全可以归结为电偶极贡献,为此方法在电解质溶液界面的研究奠定了基础。同时,用偏振及对称性分析对空气/纯水界面和频振动光谱峰进行了归属,提供了纯水/空气界面结构新的物理图像。在此基础上,我们对几种电解质水溶液界面进行了深入研究,结果证明不仅可极化性大的离子会在水界面富集,并使界面层增厚,可极化性小的阴离子对界面层厚度也有影响,甚至阳离子也会在一定程度上影响界面水分子结构。     

STRUCTURING ＆ RHEOLOGY OF MOLTEN POLYMER／CLAY NANOCOMPOSITES

The evolution and the origin of “solid-like state” in molten polymer/clay nanocomposites are studied. Using polypropylene/clay hybrid (PPCH) with sufficient maleic anhydride modified PP (PP-MA) as compatibilizer, well exfoliation yet solid-like state was achieved after annealing in molten state. Comprehensive linear viscoelasticity and non-linear rheological behaviors together with WAXD and TEM are studied on PPCH at various dispersion stages focusing on time,temperature and deformation dependencies of the “solid-like” state in molten nanocomposites. Based on these, it is revealed that the solid-structure is developed gradually along with annealing through the stages of inter-layer expansion by PP-MA,the diffusion and association of exfoliated silicate platelets, the formation of band/chain structure and, finally, a percolated clay associated network, which is responsible for the melt rigidity or solid-like state. The network will be broken down by melt frozen/crystallization and weakened at large shear or strong flow and, even more surprisingly, may be disrupted by using trace amount of silane coupling agent which may block the edge interaction of platelets. The solid-like structure causes characteristic non-linear rheological behaviors, e.g. residual stress after step shear, abnormal huge stress overshoots in step flows and, most remarkably, the negative first normal stress functions in steady shear or step flows. The rheological and structural arguments challenge the existing models of strengthened entangled polymer network by tethered polymer chains connecting clay particles or by chains in confined melts or frictional interaction among tactoids. A scheme of percolated networking of associated clay platelets, which may in band form of edge connecting exfoliated platelets, is suggested to explain previous experimental results.