用近红外无损肌氧及运动心率检测技术评定100m极量强度运动对心脏冲击影响

利用连续双波长近红外光技术测量肌肉中血红蛋白含氧量的变化情况,同时应用运动心率无线实时采集设备,设计了检测实时肌肉组织血氧含量和瞬时心率实验方案,对6名健康男性进行了100 m跑同步实测实验。实验表明,肌肉组织氧合血红蛋白浓度在100 m跑结束后继续降低,达到最低值的时刻滞后于运动结束时刻的时间为(6.65±1.10)s;心率则在运动结束后继续上升,达到最高值的时刻滞后于运动结束时刻的时间为(8.00±1.57)s。这些结果显示了双波长近红外光组织氧测试技术和运动心率无线实时采集系统能够正确检测极量强度运动时的血氧参数和心率,揭示了极量强度运动过程中肌肉中氧运输与消耗的过程及其与心率之间的动力学特征。     

从一个习题到十个命题

从一道熟知的微积分习题,可以导出十个相关的命题.通过这一讨论过程,试图表明什么是创造性学习,以及如何进行创造性学习.     

国际“物理化学”课程与教学研究评述

通过文献的计量分析和阅读总结,我国物理化学课程与教学研究还局限于经验与思辨。我们梳理了国际权威期刊上研究物理化学教学的文献,将其分为教科书研究、学习研究、教学研究、教师研究和教学媒体研究等5类,并对其中核心成果进行评述。总结出国外物理化学课程与教学研究注重学习证据的收集和分析,注重教育研究方法的运用,并对于未来高等化学教育研究提出建议。     

构建先进实验平台,适应系列课程实践教学需求

传统的微机系列课程实验教学模式已不适应研究型大学理工科学生"创新型人才培养"的要求。从"模块化微机类课程实验平台"的构建、实验教学方法的探索、多层次实验教学内容的革新和针对"创新型人才培养"的系列实验教程的编著等几方面,探讨了微机系列课程实践教学的改革,并逐步付诸实施,在实际教学过程中成效显著。     

以应用光学为基础的大学生科研训练

大学生科研训练计划是培养创新型人才的重要措施。以创新教育理念为出发点,以光学工程学科的专业基础课程应用光学为基础,从课程与周边学科的联系中,从教师的高水平科研项目以及地方企业的实际需求中提取原料和课题供给学生从事研究。仅就近两年内先后指导的11项共计40余名学生的SRTP项目为例,指导学生撰写论文和申请专利,有效地开阔了学生的视野,培养了学生的研究能力、创新思维与工程素质,提高了课程的教学质量,对其它专业基础课程建设具有借鉴意义。     

大学化学习题课的困境与有效教学策略

结合大学化学的教学现状,针对学生的需求,深入思考在教学过程中设置习题课的重要性和相关问题。从教师素质、班级规模、教学方法、习题构建与讲解以及考试等不同角度提出有效提高习题课效率的策略。进一步探讨线上线下混合式习题课教学模式的可行性,并提供可参考的教学案例,以期促进大学化学专业课程的教与学。     

循证护理模式对关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术患者康复锻炼遵从性的影响

目的探讨了循证护理模式对关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术患者康复锻炼遵从性的影响。方法选取在武汉科技大学附属孝感医院接受治疗的63例关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术患者,随机分为观察组32例,对照组31例,对照组行常规护理,观察组实施循证护理,比较两组护理前后康复锻炼总遵从率。结果护理后对照组总遵从率为77.42%,观察组为100%,组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对关节镜下前交叉韧带重建术患者行循证护理,可有效提高患者康复锻炼遵从性。     

The determination of organochlorine compounds and petroleum hydrocarbons in a seaweed sample: results of a world-wide intercomparison exercise

A seaweed sample (Fucus sp.) was prepared, homogenised and distributed to laboratories worldwide as the IAEA-140 intercomparison material for the analysis of organochlorine compounds and petroleum hydrocarbons. A total of 80 laboratories from 51 countries reported results for this sample. The data sets reported by laboratories were evaluated statistically and the mean concentration values could be computed with 95% confidence limits for a large number of analytes. The accuracy of the analytical performance of each laboratory has been introduced by using Z-scores. The spread of results reported generally indicates that the accurate determination of many persistent organic pollutants, such as hexachlorobenzene, lindane, Aroclors or fluoranthene, is still difficult for many laboratories. The final results of this intercomparison exercise enable individual participants to assess their performance and, where necessary, to introduce appropriate modifications in their analytical procedures. Furthermore, as a series of statistical criteria was fulfilled for a number of compounds, the sample IAEA-140 can now be used as a reference material for quality control in the determination of chlorinated compounds and petroleum hydrocarbons in environmental samples.     

Effect of Interventions for Improving Lumbar Motor Control on Low Back Pain in Sedentary Office Workers: A Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective: To clarify the effect of intervention with dynamic motor control exercise (DMCE) for the lumbar region on low back pain in sedentary office workers (SOWs). Methods: The participants comprised 32 SOWs with low back pain who were randomly categorized into two groups: the DMCE group and the normal trunk exercise (NTE) group. Both groups performed each exercise for three days per week for 8 weeks. The primary endpoints were evaluated for the lumbar and hip flexion angles during trunk forward bending, effect of low back pain on activities of daily living (using the Oswestry Disability Index), and intensity of low back pain (using the Visual Analog Scale) pre- and post-intervention. The extent of changes was calculated by subtracting the pre-intervention value from the post-intervention value and was compared between the two groups using an unpaired t-test. Results: The extent of changes in the lumbar flexion and hip flexion angles at 10° of trunk forward bending were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group, and no significant differences were noted between the two groups at other angles of trunk forward bending. The extent of changes in the Oswestry Disability Index and the Visual Analog Scale scores were significantly greater in the DMCE group than in the NTE group. Conclusion: DMCE is effective in improving motor control in the lumbar region and hip joints, thereby ameliorating low back pain in SOWs.     

利用量子化学高斯软件辅助工科教学——以能源、环境、化工学科为例

介绍了量子化学高斯软件在能源、环境和化工等大学传统工科教学中的应用,并结合3个具体实例羟基自由基与臭氧的基元反应、一氧化氮与羟基自由基的基元反应和甲酸超临界水气化制氢的反应路径进行了详细说明。实践表明,采用该方法可以使工科生从微观层面去洞悉化学反应的内在规律和本质问题,从而加深学生对“微观化学知识”的理解,激发学生对深层次“微观化学知识”探求的积极性和热情,产生了良好的教学效果。