Thermal Behavior of Polypropylene-g-glycidyl Methacrylate Prepared by Melt Grafting

The thermal behaviors of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-grafted polypropylene (PP) (PP-g-GMA) with two different grafting degrees, namely, GPP1 and GPP2, were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetrical analysis (TGA). DSC results suggested that the GMA grafted PP exhibited higher crystallization temperature T_c, higher melting temperature T_m, and higher crystallinity compared with the neat PP. The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed with the Avrami equation and the total crystallization activation energy was calculated. It was concluded that the crystallization processes of PP and the grafted PP were controlled by nucleation and the values of the crystallization activation energy of PP and the grafted PP were almost identical. POM results suggested that the GMA grafted PP exhibited smaller spherulites size compared with the neat PP. WAXD patterns indicated that the neat PP encouraged the formation of γ phase, compared with the grafted PP, during the crystallization process. DMA results showed that melt grafting did not induce a clear effect on the γ-transition and β-transition of the amorphous phase but resulted in a decrease in mobility of the PP chains in the crystals. TGA curves suggested that the melt grafting slightly improved the thermal stability of PP.     

名义上无水硬玉矿物中“水”的热变异行为研究

以硬玉岩中名义上无水硬玉矿物为研究对象,通过常温和变温红外光谱测量,确定硬玉矿物结构水表征及变温过程热变异行为。研究结果显示：由M-OH伸缩振动所致的红外吸收谱带集中于3 700～3 600,3 570～3 520,3 500～3 300及3 230～3 140 cm-1波数范围内,但在不同的硬玉岩中具有不同的红外吸收。变温过程中,该吸收谱带基本在500 ℃左右相对吸收强度出现较为明显的减弱,且结构水含量也逐渐下降,进一步表征硬玉矿物中的“水”是以结构水的形式进入晶格。但此M-OH伸缩振动所致的吸收谱带、结构水含量和指纹谱均在850 ℃附近出现较为明显的变化,预示该温度硬玉矿物的成分已出现变异。硬玉矿物中“水”的热变异行为为进一步了解水分子的赋存状态与结合方式及其成岩机制提供一定的佐证。     

Self-regulation in infinite populations with fission-death dynamics

The evolution of an infinite population of interacting point entities placed in ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ is studied. The elementary evolutionary acts are death of an entity with rate that includes a competition term and independent fission into two entities. The population states are probability measures on the corresponding configuration space and the result is the construction of the evolution of states in the class of sub-Poissonian measures, that corresponds to the lack of clusters in such states. This is considered as a self-regulation in the population due to competition.     

Phase behaviors in a binary mixture of diblock copolymers confined between two parallel walls

The phase behaviors in a binary mixture of diblock copolymers confined between two parallel walls are investigated by using a cell dynamics simulation of the time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory.The morphological dependence of the wall-block interaction and the distance between walls(confinement degree) has been systematically studied,and the effect of repulsive interactions between different monomers is also discussed.It is interesting that multiple novel morphological transitions are observed by changing these factors,and various multilayered sandwich structures are formed in the mixture.Furthermore,the parametric dependence and physical reasons for the microdomain growth and orientational order transitions are discussed.From the simulation,we find that much richer morphologies can form in a binary mixture of diblock copolymers than those in a pure diblock copolymer.Our results provide an insight into the phase behaviors under parallel wall confinement and may provide guidance for experimentalists.This model system can also give a simple way to realize orientational order transition in soft materials through confinement.     

Cauchy problems for Hilfer fractional evolution equations on an infinite interval

It is well known that the classical Ascoli-Arzelà theorem is powerful technique to give a necessary and sufficient condition for investigating the relative compactness of a family of abstract continuous functions, while it is limited to finite compact interval. In this paper, we shall generalize the Ascoli-Arzelà theorem on an infinite interval. As its application, we investigate an initial value problem for fractional evolution equations on infinite interval in the sense of Hilfer type, which is a generalization of both Riemann-Liuoville and Caputo fractional derivatives. Our methods are based on the Hausdorff theorem, classical/generalized Ascoli-Arzelà theorem, Schauder fixed point theorem, Wright function, and Kuratowski measure of noncompactness. We obtain the existence of mild solutions on an infinite interval when the semigroup is compact as well as noncompact.     

Chernoff approximations of Feller semigroups in Riemannian manifolds

Chernoff approximations of Feller semigroups and the associated diffusion processes in Riemannian manifolds are studied. The manifolds are assumed to be of bounded geometry, thus including all compact manifolds and also a wide range of non-compact manifolds. Sufficient conditions are established for a class of second order elliptic operators to generate a Feller semigroup on a (generally non-compact) manifold of bounded geometry. A construction of Chernoff approximations is presented for these Feller semigroups in terms of shift operators. This provides approximations of solutions to initial value problems for parabolic equations with variable coefficients on the manifold. It also yields weak convergence of a sequence of random walks on the manifolds to the diffusion processes associated with the elliptic generator. For parallelizable manifolds this result is applied in particular to the representation of Brownian motion on the manifolds as limits of the corresponding random walks.     

The essential spectrum of periodically stationary pulses in lumped models of short-pulse fiber lasers

In modern short-pulse fiber lasers, there is significant pulse breathing over each round trip of the laser loop. Consequently, averaged models cannot be used for quantitative modeling and design. Instead, lumped models, which are obtained by concatenating models for the various components of the laser, are required. As the pulses in lumped models are periodic rather than stationary, their linear stability is evaluated with the aid of the monodromy operator obtained by linearizing the round-trip operator about the periodic pulse. Conditions are given on the smoothness and decay of the periodic pulse that ensure that the monodromy operator exists on an appropriate Lebesgue function space. A formula for the essential spectrum of the monodromy operator is given, which can be used to quantify the growth rate of continuous wave perturbations. This formula is established by showing that the essential spectrum of the monodromy operator equals that of an associated asymptotic operator. Since the asymptotic monodromy operator acts as a multiplication operator in the Fourier domain, it is possible to derive a formula for its spectrum. Although the main results are stated for a particular experimental stretched pulse laser, the analysis shows that they can be readily adapted to a wide range of lumped laser models.     

10.1007/s10955-006-9040-z

We derive hydrodynamic equations describing the evolution of a binary fluid segregated into two regions, each rich in one species,which are separated (on the macroscopic scale) by a sharp interface. Our starting point is a Vlasov-Boltzmann (VB) equation describing the evolution of the one particle position and velocity distributions, f_i (x, v, t), i = 1, 2. The solution of the VB equation is developed in a Hilbert expansion appropriate for this system. This yields incompressible Navier-Stokes equations for the velocity field u and a jump boundary condition for the pressure across the interface. The interface, in turn, moves with a velocity given by the normal component of u.     

基于随机矩阵理论的城市人群移动行为分析

移动通信应用为人类移动规律的研究提供了独特的数据来源. 本文通过城市手机用户的分布数据,研究城市移动人群的整体动力学行为. 借助随机矩阵理论的方法,通过比较移动人群数据与随机数据在互相关矩阵谱分布上的差异,发现移动人群数据互相关矩阵的相关系数均值、最大本征值及其对应的本征向量明显偏离于随机互相关矩阵的分布,指出这种差异体现了城市移动人群的整体行为特性,且这种差异在不同时间段也会有所不同. 研究结果体现出相关系数的均值和最大本征值的波动趋势,并指出本征向量成员权重的时空模式与城市移动人群整体行为特征的波动过 关键词： 随机矩阵理论 移动人群 宏观行为     

采用Lennard-Jones原子间势研究(C60)N分子团簇的结构演化行为

采用描述原子间相互作用的Lennard-Jones势来描述C₆₀分子间的相互作用,考虑了每个C₆₀分子的一定位置取向,并采用最速下降法计算了IH,fcc,hcp,DH及SC五种典型结构满壳层(C₆₀)_N团簇(N<2000)的能量.结果显示:当尺寸较小(N<20)时,IH结构最稳定;当尺寸处于中等(50<N<300)时,HCP结构最稳定;当尺寸较大(300<N 关键词： 60团簇')" href="#">C₆₀团簇 取向 最速下降法 结构演化