Boyle temperature and cubic equations of state

The sensitivity of Boyle temperature to changes in parameters appearing in cubic equations of state and to volume shift is analyzed. Analytical expressions for the Boyle temperature and for the dependency to the shift of the equation of state are given for the most common cases of the alpha function.     

Gd substituted NiCa ferrite/poly vinyl alcohol nanocomposite

Magnetic nanocomposite material composed of poly vinyl alcohol encapsulated Ni_0.2Ca_0.8Gd_0.08Fe_1.92O₄ was synthesized by a two step chemical method including sol-gel combustion and solvent casting technique. The obtained samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction; transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results of spectroanalysis pointed towards the existence of a considerably feasible interaction between the polymer chain and the ferrite particles. The dc magnetization measurements divulged that both pristine and the nanocomposite samples under applied magnetic field exhibit no hysteretic behavior at room temperature, symptomatic of the superparamagnetic behavior. The departure of field cooled and zero field cooled curves in the moment-versus-temperature plot further confirmed the room temperature superparamagnetic behavior. The extrapolation of the slope of the curves to M=0 imparted the average value of Curie temperature at ∼323 K (50 °C) for both the samples, suggestive of the efficacy of the material for finding application in self controlled hyperthermia.     

Probing the Hydrogen Bonding Structure in the Rieske Protein

The use of the far‐infrared spectral range presents a novel approach for analysis of the hydrogen bonding in proteins. Here it is presented for the analysis of Fe? S vibrations (500–200 cm^?1) and of the intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding signature (300–50 cm^?1) in the Rieske protein from Thermus thermophilus as a function of temperature and pH. Three pH values were adequately chosen in order to study all the possible protonation states of the coordinating histidines. The Fe? S vibrations showed pH‐dependent shifts in the FIR spectra in line with the change of protonation state of the histidines coordinating the [2Fe? 2S] cluster. Measurements of the low‐frequency signals between 300 and 30 K demonstrated the presence of a distinct overall hydrogen bonding network and a more rigid structure for a pH higher than 10. To further support the analysis, the redox‐dependent shifts of the secondary structure were investigated by means of an electrochemically induced FTIR difference spectroscopic approach in the mid infrared. The results confirmed a clear pH dependency and an influence of the immediate environment of the cluster on the secondary structure. The results support the hypothesis that structure‐mediated changes in the environment of iron? sulfur centers play a critical role in regulating enzymatic catalysis. The data point towards the role of the overall internal hydrogen bonding organization for the geometry and the electronic properties of the cluster.     

Achieving room temperature phosphorescence from organic small molecules on amino acid skeleton

Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) generated by small molecules has attracted great attention due to their unique potentials for biosensor, bioimaging and security protection. While, the design of RTP materials is extremely challenging for organic small molecules in non-crystalline solid state. Herein, we report a new strategy for achieving non-crystalline organic small molecules with RTP emission by modifying different phosphors onto diphenylalanine or phenylalanine derivatives. Benefiting from the skeletal structure of the amino acid derivatives, there are intermolecular hydrogen bond formation and rigidification effect, thereby minimizing the intermolecular motions and enhancing their RTP performance     

Low temperature high-pressure crystallization and fluid phase equilibria in the systems Ar + CHF3 and N2 + CHF3

Abstract

An optical autoclave for phase studies on mixtures in the temperature range from 80 to 373 K and for pressures up to 200 MPa is described. The cell is fitted with sapphire windows and employs magnetic stirring. Measurements are performed according to the synthetical (e.g. by visual observation) or analytical method (e.g. by sampling and online gaschromatography). Results for the crystallization and fluid phase equilibria of the binary systems nitrogen + trifluoromethane and argon + trifluoromethane from 110 K to 230 K and up to 200 MPa are presented and discussed in comparison with other N₂- and CHF₃-systems.     

A comparison of algainas and InGaAsP-based 1.3 μm semiconductor lasers using high pressure

Abstract

We have compared the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the threshold current, I_th, and lasing energy, E_lase, of 1.3 pm quantum-well devices based upon AlGaInAs and InGaAsP. Whilst we observe a very similar dependence of E_lase on pressure for the two materials, we measure strikingly different variations of I_th. By applying pressure to 1.3 μm InGaAsP lasers, I_th typically decreases by ～ 10% over 1 GPa consistent with the reduction of Auger recombination, which forms ～ 50% of I_th at room temperature. However, for the 1.3 μm AlGaInAs-based lasers, we observe an increase in I_th by ～ 8% over the same pressure range. From these results we conclude that non-radiative recombination accounts for only ～ 20% of I_th in AlGaInAs-based devices. This is in good agreement with previous temperature dependence measurements and shows why AlGaInAs-based devices exhibit a reduced temperature sensitivity of I_th which is very important for telecommunications applications.     

双色反射技术在温度测量上的应用

本文以铁镍合金为例,介绍了一种测量金属表面温度的光学测量方法。试验以黑体为反射辐射源,采用FTIR光谱辐射计测量了试样在中温状态的发射辐射以及包含了黑体反射能量的有效辐射。通过建立包含反射辐射的方程组,并运用MATLAB内建的求根模型求解得到了试样表面温度。     

Gas-chromatographic method of evaluation ofn-alkanol ability for self-association in pure liquid

The values of the gas-chromatographic indicator reflecting the capacity of analytes for self-association in pure liquids, δT _b.p., were estimated for C₁–C₉ and C₁₁ n-alkanols by capillary gas chromatography on a nonpolar stationary phase under isothermal conditions. The δT _b.p. values ofn-alkanols, found as the difference between the boiling points measured directly and those calculated from GC data, are correlated with thermodynamic characteristics of the formation ofn-alkanol associates in pure liquids. Usingn-alkanols as analytes with insignificant temperature increments of the retention indices, it was shown that the δT _b.p. values can be determined under conditions used in gas chromatography with temperature programming. In this way a single chromatographic run can be used to compare the capacities for self-association of analytes boiling over a wide temperature range. The C₂–C₉ n-alkanethiols, which are not associated in neat liquids, have negative δT _b.p. values. An interpretation of this finding is proposed. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 315–318 February, 2000.     

On the Development of the Temperature Concept

A brief outline of the history of development of the temperature concept in physics is given. Simultaneously, some persisting imperfections in the conceptual basis of classical thermodynamics closely related to the first and the second law of thermodynamics are discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.