全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8986篇 |
免费 | 844篇 |
国内免费 | 1073篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 8313篇 |
晶体学 | 72篇 |
力学 | 443篇 |
综合类 | 136篇 |
数学 | 696篇 |
物理学 | 1243篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 25篇 |
2023年 | 125篇 |
2022年 | 367篇 |
2021年 | 320篇 |
2020年 | 388篇 |
2019年 | 358篇 |
2018年 | 349篇 |
2017年 | 515篇 |
2016年 | 571篇 |
2015年 | 470篇 |
2014年 | 495篇 |
2013年 | 645篇 |
2012年 | 641篇 |
2011年 | 581篇 |
2010年 | 515篇 |
2009年 | 473篇 |
2008年 | 406篇 |
2007年 | 493篇 |
2006年 | 446篇 |
2005年 | 364篇 |
2004年 | 310篇 |
2003年 | 263篇 |
2002年 | 280篇 |
2001年 | 188篇 |
2000年 | 209篇 |
1999年 | 175篇 |
1998年 | 152篇 |
1997年 | 147篇 |
1996年 | 154篇 |
1995年 | 112篇 |
1994年 | 103篇 |
1993年 | 36篇 |
1992年 | 28篇 |
1991年 | 26篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 25篇 |
1988年 | 21篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 10篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 12篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 12篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 4篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
This paper compares model development strategies based on different performance metrics. The study was conducted in the area of credit risk modeling with the usage of diverse metrics, including general-purpose Area Under the ROC curve (AUC), problem-dedicated Expected Maximum Profit (EMP) and the novel case-tailored Calculated Profit (CP). The metrics were used to optimize competitive credit risk scoring models based on two predictive algorithms that are widely used in the financial industry: Logistic Regression and extreme gradient boosting machine (XGBoost). A dataset provided by the American Fannie Mae agency was utilized to conduct the study. In addition to the baseline study, the paper also includes a stability analysis. In each case examined the proposed CP metric that allowed us to achieve the most profitable loan portfolio. 相似文献
142.
In this paper, the thermal insulation performance of the roof with water-retained bricks was first analyzed theoretically with respect to the thermal inertia, attenuation and delay time of the roof with water-retained bricks. Then, the experimental rig was established to carry out the experimental research on the thermal insulation performance of the roof with and without water-retained bricks on the sunny, overcast and rainy days in the summer and on the sunny day in the winter. The results showed that: (1) the surface heat storage coefficient is affected by the evaporating heat transfer of the water layer; (2) the thermal inertness, attenuation and delay time of the roof with water-retained bricks are 2.575, 21 and 6.94 h, respectively, when the water depth is 2 cm; (3) on the sunny, overcast and rainy days in the summer, laying water-retained bricks can enhance the heat insulation performance of the roof, and can improve the thermal comfort of the loft; and (4) on the sunny day in the winter, after laying water-retained bricks, the average temperature of the loft in 24 h increases by 2.3 °C, and the temperature fluctuation of the loft decreases by 56.0%. Therefore, the thermal insulation effect is significantly improved after laying water-retained bricks on the roof from the results of both the theoretical and experimental study. 相似文献
143.
Mohd Imran Anis Ahmad Chaudhary Shahzad Ahmed Md. Mottahir Alam Afzal Khan Nasser Zouli Jabir Hakami Hassan Ahmad Rudayni Salah-Ud-Din Khan 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(22)
Iron oxide nanoparticle (ION)-based ferro-nanofluids (FNs) have been used for different technological applications owing to their excellent magneto-rheological properties. A comprehensive overview of the current advancement of FNs based on IONs for various engineering applications is unquestionably necessary. Hence, in this review article, various important advanced technological applications of ION-based FNs concerning different engineering fields are critically summarized. The chemical engineering applications are mainly focused on mass transfer processes. Similarly, the electrical and electronics engineering applications are mainly focused on magnetic field sensors, FN-based temperature sensors and tilt sensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and on-chip components, actuators, and cooling for electronic devices and photovoltaic thermal systems. On the other hand, environmental engineering applications encompass water and air purification. Moreover, mechanical engineering or magneto-rheological applications include dampers and sealings. This review article provides up-to-date information related to the technological advancements and emerging trends in ION-based FN research concerning various engineering fields, as well as discusses the challenges and future perspectives. 相似文献
144.
Lucas Pailler Pascal Renard Edith Nicol Laurent Deguillaume Angelica Bianco 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(22)
FT-ICR MS (Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry) analysis has shown great potential to aid in the understanding of the extremely high molecular diversity of cloud water samples. The main goal of this work was to determine the differences in terms of formula assignment for analytical (i.e., measurement replicates) and experimental replicates of a given cloud water sample. The experimental replicates, obtained by solid phase extraction, were also compared to the results obtained for freeze-dried samples to evaluate whether the presence of salts interferes with the analysis. Two S/N ratios, generally adopted for atmospheric samples, were evaluated, and three different algorithms were used for assignment: DataAnalysis 5.3 (Bruker), Composer (Sierra Analytics), and MFAssignR (Chemical Advanced Resolution Methods Lab). In contrast to other works, we wanted to treat this comparison from the point of view of users, who usually must deal with a simple list of m/z ratios and intensity with limited access to the mass spectrum characteristics. The aim of this study was to establish a methodology for the treatment of atmospheric aqueous samples in light of the comparison of three different software programs, to enhance the possibility of data comparison within samples. 相似文献
145.
The mechanism of photolytic degradation of 2-4-6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) by UVA–visible light (>320 nm) in ethanolic, aqueous-ethanolic, and aqueous solutions was investigated by electrospray and aerodynamic thermal breakup droplet ionization mass-spectrometric analyses. For the photolysis, a DRK-120 mercury-quartz lamp was used. Products of the photolysis reaction were compared with known products of TNT transformation in the environment. Because the photochemistry of some compounds in alcohols (in contrast to aqueous solutions) features a transfer of electrons from the solvent to the light-excited compound, we believe that the efficiency of photolysis (polymerization) of TNT in ethanol and aqueous-ethanolic solutions is based on this mechanism. 相似文献
146.
147.
148.
超级电容器具有更大的功率密度、优秀的循环稳定性、极快的充放电速度、超长的循环寿命以及环境友好等突出特点,其性能与构件关系密切,其中最根本的就是组成它的电极材料。本研究主要采用传统的水热法制备出钴酸镍(NiCo2O4)电极材料,进而通过离子交换(二次水热)制得镍钴硫(NiCo2S4),最后利用化学浴沉积(CBD)法使其与钴酸镍复合,得到最终所需的三维网络结构NiCo2S4@NiCo2O4复合电极。经过表面形貌表征、循环伏安测试、恒电流充放电测试以及比电容计算分析等可以证明:三维网络结构NiCo2S4@NiCo2O4复合电极的比电容及循环稳定性等远远优于复合前单一的纯NiCo2O4电极材料,具有极大应用前景。 相似文献
149.
L-组氨酸手性识别印迹固定相的制备及表征 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以L-组氨酸为模板分子, 甲基丙烯酸为功能单体, 乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂, 偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂, 在水-乙腈微乳体系中采用沉淀聚合方法制备了具有手性识别L-组氨酸功能的印迹微球. 采用静态平衡吸附实验及色谱分析探讨聚合微球对模板分子的选择识别吸附性能. 结果表明, 该印迹聚合物微球对模板分子存在两种结合位点, 最大表观结合量分别为33.04和24.16 μmol/g. 相对于常规的C18柱, 该印迹聚合物填充柱能够完全分离L-组氨酸和D-组氨酸, 分离度R为2.23, 选择因子为2.14. 利用差热分析、红外光谱及X射线衍射等技术表征聚合物微球的热性能及结构. 结果表明, 聚合物微球具有良好的热稳定性, 是一种具有部分晶体结构的聚合物. 相似文献
150.