基于红外波段光谱吸收的小型化湿度探测系统

 探测系统的光源选择为垂直腔面发射激光器,选定水汽在1.854 μm的吸收峰。系统自动在直接测量法与谐波测量法之间切换,能够适应高低湿度环境。在低湿度环境检测中,利用二次谐波与一次谐波的比值来定标湿度,有效去除了光源不稳定对测量带来的影响;过采样的A/D转换结合数字锁相放大（DLIA）技术,提高了检测精度。系统通过以太网接口,可以实现远程数据采集。     

基于自适应侧抑制网络的红外弱小目标检测

 为了提高远距离红外弱小目标的检测效率,提出了一种基于自适应侧抑制网络的复杂背景下的红外弱小目标检测方法。该方法建立了改进的侧抑制网络数学模型,利用各向异性滤波来自适应地确定侧抑制网络的抑制系数,不需要人为干预,实现了侧抑制网络与各向异性高斯滤波的有机结合。同时,在各向异性高斯滤波器两轴确定方面进行了改进,两轴分别采用对比度尺度模型和强度尺度传播模型来独立确定。通过与传统弱小目标检测方法的对比实验,验证了方法的有效性。     

水中镉含量的激光诱导击穿光谱高灵敏快速检测

 为了对水中的痕量镉进行高灵敏快速检测,实验采用一种未受污染的薄木片作为基底来吸收水样品,将其晾干后再用激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）技术对其进行分析,克服了用LIBS技术直接分析水样品时灵敏度低和稳定性差等问题。实验中选择214.44 nm的镉离子线作为分析线以提高光谱检测的灵敏度,建立了用于定量分析的校正曲线,镉的检出限达到55 μg/L,重复测量的信号相对标准偏差小于5%,单次测量的时间短于5 min。     

基于局部轮廓特征的无人机头部检测跟踪算法

针对无人机的结构特点,提出了一种基于目标轮廓提取、轮廓自动分段、头部定位以及头部模板匹配四个模块的目标头部检测跟踪算法.首先对第一帧图像提取目标轮廓,并通过计算轮廓点的变化率,对轮廓进行自动分段,得到目标的4个局部轮廓点列,进而根据头部轮廓点列的特点,完成头部轮廓筛选,然后利用基于目标中轴的二次曲线拟合,实现头部顶点的...     

基于独立成分分析的高光谱图像异常检测

针对高光谱图像中背景及目标先验知识未知条件下的异常目标检测问题,提出了一种基于独立成分分析(ICA)的异常探测算法.首先估计原始数据的虚拟维(VD)以确定要分离的独立成分个数,在此基础上进行快速独立成分分析(FastICA),然后基于平均局部奇异度选择含异常信息较多的独立成分,最后使用丰度量化算法得到异常目标的丰度图像...     

磁旋光反射腔交流调制输出倍频信号特性分析

根据法拉第效应的非互易性原理,分析了磁旋光反射腔交流调制输出倍频信号相关的特性;具体研究了倍频信号幅度及角度检测灵敏度与调制角幅度θ0和反射腔反射率R的关系.研究结果表明:当调制角幅度较小时,输出倍频信号幅度随反射率R的增加而增加,最大值是正交调制法的18倍左右;利用倍频信号检测角度的灵敏度与正交法相比也得到多倍提高,...     

基于序列图像的几何参数测量方法研究

随着测量技术的不断发展,现代工业对物体尺寸检测的准确性及快速性要求越来越高.文中提出了一种利用序列图像来测量物体几何尺寸的方法.使用数码相机获得标定模板的序列图像,通过直接线性变换(DLT)方法来标定相机内部参数,结合透镜成像的知识,对使用数码相机采集到的物体序列图像进行处理和测量,最终计算出物体的宽度和高度.实验证明...     

Investigation on FR(LT)–FR(HT) phase transition and pyroelectric properties of pulsed laser deposited Pb(Zr0.93Ti0.07)O3 thin films

The preparation process, crystallinity and electrical properties of pulse laser deposited Pb(Zr_xTi_1−x)O₃ (PZT) thin films were investigated in this paper. PZT (x = 0.93) thin film samples deposited at different substrate temperatures were prepared. Si (1 1 0) was the substrate; Ag and YBCO were the top electrode and the bottom electrode respectively. The bottom electrode YBCO was deposited on the Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and then PZT was epitaxially deposited on YBCO also by PLD. After annealing, the top electrode Ag was prepared on PZT by thermal evaporation, and then the Ag/PZT/YBCO/Si structured thin films were obtained. The XRD and the analysis of their electrical characters showed that, when the substrate temperature was elevated from 600 °C to 800 °C, the crystallinity and electrical properties of PZT thin films became better and better, and the F_R(LT)–F_R(HT) phase transition of PZT (x = 0.93) thin films occurred at 62 °C. The PZT film deposited at 800 °C had the best pyroelectric properties, and when the F_R(LT)–F_R(HT) phase transition of this film occurred, the peak value of pyroelectric coefficient (p) was obtained, with a value of 1.96 × 10⁻⁶ C/(cm² K). The PZT film deposited at 800 °C had the highest remnant polarization (P_r) and the lowest coercive field (E_c), with the values of 34.3 μC/cm² and 41.7 kV/cm respectively.     

A life cycle framework for the investigation of environmentally benign nanoparticles and products

While significant advances in our understanding of the behavior of engineered nanoparticles in the environment continue, there remains a need to engage the nanoparticle research community directly in the development and evaluation of environmentally benign nanoparticles to ensure that nanomaterial‐based industries emerge as tools for sustainability rather than environmental liabilities. Current research efforts aimed at understanding the environmental implications of nanotechnology emphasize existing groups of nanoparticles and products already in commercial distribution. While this is clearly necessary, this approach fails to identify and address the many tradeoffs associated with product performance and environmental quality. We believe this to be a critical gap in the ongoing exploration of nanostructured materials and their properties and applications. We posit that a number of issues are not being holistically addressed, including resource availability and allocation, manufacturing energy requirements and embodied energy, material efficiency, environmental properties of nanomaterials and nanoproducts, and waste generation. An interdisciplinary approach to research, based on the life cycle paradigm and devoted to the identification, investigation, synthesis, testing, and analysis of groups of new, more environmentally conscious nanoparticles is needed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

电子俘获材料的研究现状及在红外检测方面的应用

电子俘获材料在辐射剂量测定、光信息处理、光存储、红外光检测等许多技术领域具有广泛的应用。本文详细介绍了电子俘获材料的发光原理、材料种类、制备方法以及研究现状,并针对该材料在红外光检测方面的应用,提出了在室温下该材料存在红外光检测上限的观点。针对电子俘获材料存在性质不稳定及在制备过程中需用到硫化类材料易造成污染等问题,建议进一步改进材料制备方法。最后,文中指出玻璃陶瓷类电子俘获材料会有很好的发展前景,并对该种材料未来的发展前景进行了展望。