Sound radiation and sound quality characteristics of refrigerator noise in real living environments

The characteristics of various types of refrigerator noise were investigated in an anechoic chamber and in a real living environment - a 100 m² apartment which is a common size in Korea. It was found that the sound pressure level of the refrigerator noise in the real living room was about 10 dB higher than the level in the anechoic chamber at the same position (1 m in front of refrigerator). In addition, a tolerance level for refrigerator noise was determined by subjective evaluation experiments. Refrigerator noise was presented by a loudspeaker placed in the kitchen where the refrigerator is normally located. Level 2 responses to the subjective evaluation (“hardly perceivable”) corresponded to a sound pressure level of about 26 dB(A), for which 90% of participants were satisfied with the level of refrigerator noise. A semantic differential test using various adjectives was also conducted to evaluate the sound quality of refrigerator noise. With the semantic differential and the factor analysis, adjectives used in this experiment were grouped into three factors. From the results of correlation and multiple regression analyses on the psychoacoustical parameters and subjective evaluations of 30 kinds of refrigerators, sound quality index which predict the subjective rating score were proposed.     

北斗用户机复杂电磁环境适应性试验评估方法

为精确评价北斗用户机复杂电磁环境适应能力, 在分析北斗用户机工作机理及易攻击性的基础上, 构建了北斗用户机面临的战场复杂电磁环境, 进行了电磁干扰对北斗用户机信号捕获、跟踪环节影响的仿真和评估方法研究, 得到了某型北斗用户机定位成功率和通信成功率与电磁环境复杂度的关系, 对北斗用户机的推广应用具有重要的借鉴意义。     

低照度条件下超分辨率人脸图像采集系统设计与实现

在计算机技术高速发展的时代,多平台计算机视觉库随之产生。OpenCV作为一种开源代码的计算机视觉库,以可兼容多平台、接口广泛的特点被广泛运用各个领域。在低照度条件下,会出现光照环境差异过大或光线不足等情况,导致传统图像采集系统不能采集高质量的人脸图像,局限性较差。提出基于OpenCV在C 环境配置下运用三维人脸识别技术算法,设计一套低照度条件下超分辨率人脸图像采集系统。实验证明,该设计方案具有实时(对焦速度快)、快速(单张采集0.05秒)、准确(面部识别率99.3%)等特点,能够充分满足低照度条件下超分辨率人脸图像采集的需求。     

Brownian motion of a classical particle in quantum environment

The Klein–Kramers equation, governing the Brownian motion of a classical particle in a quantum environment under the action of an arbitrary external potential, is derived. Quantum temperature and friction operators are introduced and at large friction the corresponding Smoluchowski equation is obtained. Introducing the Bohm quantum potential, this Smoluchowski equation is extended to describe the Brownian motion of a quantum particle in quantum environment.     

环境保护中辐射技术的应用研究

介绍了近年来利用稳定同位素C和N以及放射性元素^7Be和^137Cs作为示踪元素应用在土壤侵蚀、水土流失研究中所取得的重要进展,讨论了电子束辐照和γ射线辐照在工业废水和废气处理的机理及其应用,说明了辐射技术在环境保护中具有重要的作用。The important progresses of studies on water loss and soil erosion using stable carbon, nitrogen isotopes and ^7Be, ^137Cs as tracers is introduced. The mechanisms and applications of the electron beam and y rays irradiation in industrial effluent disposal and tail gas treatment are discussed, which indicates the importances of the irradiation technology in environment protection.     

Assessment of the quality of reedbeds using holomicroscopic moiré

Holographic interferometry is proposed to detect the change in the mechanical responses of reed stems growing in eutrophic, as compared with those in healthy, water bodies. The detection of the difference in behaviour could be a sensitive way to index the degree of eutrophication. An interferometric method based on holomicroscopic moiré is developed and preliminary results obtained are presented.     

Dynamic structure factor in a random diffusion model

Let {X _t:0} denote random walk in the random waiting time model, i.e., simple random walk with jump ratew ^–1(X _t), where {w(x):x^d} is an i.i.d. random field. We show that (under some mild conditions) theintermediate scattering function F(q,t)=E ₀ (q^d) is completely monotonic int (E ₀ denotes double expectation w.r.t. walk and field). We also show that thedynamic structure factor S(q, w)=2 ₀ cos(t)F(q, t) exists for 0 and is strictly positive. Ind=1, 2 it diverges as 1/||^1/2, resp. –ln(||), in the limit 0; ind3 its limit value is strictly larger than expected from hydrodynamics. This and further results support the conclusion that the hydrodynamic region is limited to smallq and small such that ||D |q|², whereD is the diffusion constant.     

湖南砂矿金刚石中石墨包裹体拉曼光谱原位测定：形成条件及成因指示

石墨是天然金刚石中最常见的包裹体之一,按其形成顺序可分为原生、同生、次生,原生/同生与次生石墨包裹体的存在指示了金刚石形成的环境及形成后可能经历的变化。对湖南沅水流域产出的13粒宝石级-半宝石级砂矿金刚石中的原生/同生石墨包裹体及次生石墨包裹体进行显微激光拉曼光谱的原位测试。测试显示,湖南沅水流域金刚石中原生/同生石墨包裹体与次生石墨包裹体的G带与D带拉曼位移均存在漂移,其中原生/同生石墨包裹体G带的漂移范围为1 591～1 600 cm-1,次生石墨的漂移范围为1 575～1 588 cm-1,显示其形成压力较低,结晶压力变化范围大。原生/同生石墨漂移程度估算出该区域压力范围为4.01～5.88 GPa,估算结果与利用橄榄石包裹体拉曼位移估算的源区压力范围基本一致。该区域内金刚石中原生/同生石墨包裹体的D带拉曼位移在1 350～1 368 cm-1之间,D带与G带的强度比(I_D/I_G值)值位于0.36～0.82之间,具有较低有序度结构/结晶程度与橄榄岩型金刚石的高结晶度石墨明显不同指示该区域部分砂矿来源的金刚石的形成深度较浅,成因与榴辉岩关系更为密切,形成过程极可能曾位于石墨-金刚石稳定域附近。研究结果表明,金刚石石墨包裹体拉曼位移的漂移程度可成为探索金刚石原生源区形成环境的有效方法之一。     

Classification of Fe‐bearing species from K‐edge XANES data using two‐parameter correlation plots

Solid iron compounds are extremely common in the environment as well as in meteorites and comets. Fe K‐edge XANES (X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure) measurements can be carried out quickly, theoretically allowing one to categorize many areas within a sample or set of samples in a short time. However, interpretation of such data is not straightforward unless one has the appropriate reference spectra, hence a way of classifying an unknown spectrum to a family group (trivalent, divalent, oxide, silicate etc.) is required. Methods of abstracting Fe XANES spectra to produce pairs of variables which, when plotted, cluster in distinct regions depending on the family are presented. For instance, divalent minerals fall in a different region than trivalent minerals, and sulfides in a different region than oxides.     

The Goodmanham plane: Raman spectroscopic analysis of a Roman ivory artefact

Raman spectroscopy has been applied to the study of the exceptional ivory stock of an archaeological discovery of great importance for the history of woodworking tools: a virtually complete Roman plane that was found in a late fourth century A.D. context in North Yorkshire, UK, in A.D. 2000. An assessment has been made of the viability of Raman spectroscopy for the identification of ivories from archaeological excavations and comparisons made with similar studies of modern specimens. All of the attributed ivory specimens studied have suffered from deterioration in their burial environment, and severe degradation of their proteinaceous component was observed. In addition, spectral quality was affected through the absorption of fluorescent materials from their environment, and from the presence of emergency conservation procedures undertaken to preserve the integrity of very fragile specimens. The spectra of ivories dating from about 2000 years ago varied considerably because some specimens had experienced an almost complete leaching‐out of collagen, whereas in others, the degraded protein was still substantially identifiable. Generally, however, the protocols used successfully for the identification of modern ivories and for an assignment of their mammalian species were not transferable into archaeological ivory identification and classification because of the collagen degradation and decreased spectral quality. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.