化工实验教学和管理模式的探索与实践

介绍了中国科学技术大学化工实验课程的一些教学和管理方法,包括注重课前的各项准备工作,如仪器调试、助教培训、上好绪论课;实行组内小组合作和组间合作教学模式;完善实验管理制度,如严格考勤、实验情况登记、明确实验报告要求等。这些在提升教学质量和提高学生综合素质方面起了积极作用。     

二维原子晶体的低电压扫描透射电子显微学研究

二维原子晶体材料,如石墨烯和过渡金属硫族化合物等,具有不同于其块体的独特性能,有望在二维半导体器件中得到广泛应用.晶体中的结构缺陷对材料的物理化学性能有直接的影响,因此研究结构缺陷和局域物性之间的关联是当前二维原子晶体研究中的重要内容,需要高空间分辨率的结构研究手段.由于绝大部分二维原子晶体在高能量高剂量的电子束辐照下容易发生结构损伤,利用电子显微方法对二维原子晶体缺陷的研究面临诸多挑战.低电压球差校正扫描透射电子显微(STEM)技术的发展,一个主要目标就是希望在不损伤结构的前提下对二维原子晶体的本征结构缺陷进行研究.在STEM下,多种不同的信号能够被同步采集,包括原子序数衬度高分辨像和电子能量损失谱等,是表征二维原子晶体缺陷的有力工具,不但能对材料的本征结构进行单原子尺度的成像和能谱分析,还能记录材料结构的动态变化.通过调节电子束加速电压和电子辐照剂量,扫描透射电子显微镜也可以作为电子刻蚀二维原子晶体材料的平台,用于加工新型纳米结构以及探索新型二维原子晶体的原位制备.本综述主要以本课题组在石墨烯和二维过渡金属硫族化合物体系的研究为例,介绍低电压扫描透射电子显微学在二维原子晶体材料研究中的实际应用.     

复杂地质条件下顶拱大型不稳定块体分析与预测

锦屏一级水电站2#尾水调压室所处位置地质条件复杂,在桩号0+320°~0+360°和0+0°~0+120°之间开挖时局部掉块严重。本文综合分析后,提出了2#尾调室顶拱未开挖域产生大型不稳定块体的必要条件是：(1)由节理①④F183组结构面和开挖临空面切割产生;(2)块体大小主要取决于节理组①和④的延伸长度;(3)较大不稳定块体的产生区域,必然位于F18断层带下盘。对2#尾调室顶拱进行搜索预测,预测结果表明该潜在块体位于未开挖区域桩号0+180°～0+260°之间,规模约为50m3,重达133.5t。根据块体理论分析,其稳定性系数为1.052,处于临界状态,应采取相应的应急支护补强措施。     

Halogen bonding in supramolecular chemistry

Halogen bonding is the noncovalent interaction where halogen atoms function as electrophilic species. The energetic and geometrical features of the interaction are described along with the atomic characteristics that confer molecules with the specific ability to interact through this interaction. Halogen bonding has an impact on all research fields where the control of intermolecular recognition and self-assembly processes plays a key role. Some principles are presented for crystal engineering based on halogen-bonding interactions. The potential of the interaction is also shown by applications in liquid crystals, magnetic and conducting materials, and biological systems.     

PREPARATION AND CELL COMPATIBILITY OF FUNCTIONALIZED BIODEGRADABLE POLY(DL-LACTIDE-CO-RS-Β-MALIC ACID)

In order to create a functionalized biodegradable polymer for vascular tissue engineering application,poly(DL- lactide-co-RS-β-malic acid)(PDLLMAc)was synthesized.PDLLMAc was obtained after hydrogenolysis of poly(DL- lactide-co-RS-β-benzyl malolactonate)(PDLLMA),which was from the ring-opening polymerization of DL-lactide(DLLA) and RS-β-benzyl malolactonate(MA)using stannous octoate as catalyst.The copolymers were characterized by ~1H-NMR, FTIR,GPC and DSC.The tensile strength and water uptake of the cop...     

In vitro degradation and release behavior of porous poly(lactic acid) scaffolds containing chitosan microspheres as a carrier for BMP-2-derived synthetic peptide

To develop a novel tissue engineering scaffold with the capability of controlled releasing BMP-2-derived synthetic peptide, porous poly(lactic acid)/chitosan microspheres (PLA/CMs) composites containing different quantities of chitosan microspheres were prepared by a thermally induced phase separation method. FTIR analysis revealed that there were strong hydrogen bond interactions between the PLA and chitosan component. Introduction of less than 30% CMs (on PLA weight basis) did not remarkably affect the morphology and porosity of the PLA/CMs scaffolds. The compressive strength of the composite scaffolds increased from 0.48 to 0.66 MPa, while the compressive modulus increased from 7.29 to 8.23 MPa as the microspheres' contents increased from 0% to 50%. In vitro degradability investigation indicated that the dissolution of chitosan component was preferential than PLA matrix and the inclusion of CMs could neutralize the acidity of PLA degradation products. Compared with the rapid release from CMs, the synthetic peptide was released from PLA/CMs scaffolds in a temporally controlled manner, mainly depending on the degradation of PLA matrix. The promising microspheres based scaffold release system can be used to deliver bioactive factors for a variety of non-loaded bone regeneration and tissue engineering application.     

单壁碳纳米管的轴向能带工程

单壁碳纳米管具有优异的电子学特性,是制备新一代高性能集成电路的重要材料.碳纳米管芯片之路存在诸多挑战,包括直径和手性的控制生长方法、金属性和半导体性单壁碳纳米管的分离方法、器件加工与集成方法等.这些课题从本质上讲大多属于化学问题,因此碳纳米管芯片研究为化学家们提供了新的机遇与挑战.过去10年来,我们围绕单壁碳纳米管的轴向能带工程这一研究思路,开展了一系列碳纳米管芯片的基础探索工作,发展了若干有效的单壁碳纳米管局域能带的调控方法,包括温度阶跃生长法、脉冲供料生长法、基底调控法以及形变调控法等.本文系统地阐述了这些局域能带调控方法,为使读者对该领域的研究进展有一个较为全面的了解,文中对其他课题组开展的代表性工作也给予了综述性介绍.     

Medical applications of biopolyesters polyhydroxyalkanoates

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) are a family of biopolyesters produced by many wild type and engineered bacteria.PHAs have diverse structures accompanied by flexible thermal and mechanical properties.Combined with their in vitro biodegradation,cell and tissue compatibility,PHAs have been studied for medical applications,especially medical implants applications,including heart valve tissue engineering,vascular tissue engineering,bone tissue engineering,cartilage tissue engineering,nerve conduit tissue engineering as well as esophagus tissue engineering.Most studies have been conducted in the authors’ lab in the past 20+ years.Recently,mechanism on PHA promoted tissue regeneration was revealed to relate to cell responses to PHA biodegradation products and cell-material interactions mediated by microRNA.Very importantly,PHA implants were found not to cause carcinogenesis during long-term implantation.Thus,PHAs should have a bright future in biomedical areas.