Field Equations and Conservation Laws Derived from the Generalized Einstein’s Lagrangian Density for a Gravitational System and Their Influences upon Cosmology

Through discussions on the fundamental properties of the generalized Einstein’s Lagrangian density for a gravitational system, the theoretical foundations of the modified Einstein’s field equations and the Lorentz and Levi-Civita’s conservation laws are systematically studied. The theory of cosmology founded on them is discussed in detail and some new properties and new effects of the cosmos are deduced; these new properties and new effects could be tested via future experiments and observations.     

爱因斯坦对光子的想象——辐射与分子间能量动量转移的动平衡

介绍并赏析爱因斯坦对量子力学理论的发展起过重要推动作用的文章一篇.他利用带有动量及能量的光子的想象,引入自发辐射、诱发辐射及吸收3种跃迁概率,验证了分子的麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布与辐射的普朗克分布之间的动量能量转移的动平衡.结合这一工作前后的物理学背景和发展,本文也着重阐明学术思想的发生和发展过程.     

Modified Nonlinear Model of Arcsin-Electrodynamics

A new modified model of nonlinear arcsin-electrodynamics with two parameters is proposed and analyzed. We obtain the corrections to the Coulomb law. The effect of vacuum birefringence takes place when the external constant magnetic field is present. We calculate indices of refraction for two perpendicular polarizations of electromagnetic waves and estimate bounds on the parameter γ from the BMV and PVLAS experiments. It is shown that the electric field of a point-like charge is finite at the origin. We calculate the finite static electric energy of point-like particles and demonstrate that the electron mass can have the pure electromagnetic nature. The symmetrical Belinfante energy-momentum tensor and dilatation current are found. We show that the dilatation symmetry and dual symmetry are broken in the model suggested. We have investigated the gauge covariant quantization of the nonlinear electrodynamics fields as well as the gauge fixing approach based on Dirac's brackets.     

The meaning of general covariance of einstein’s theory of gravity

The fundamental symmetry of Einstein’s theory of gravity is Lorentz-invariance which leads to a well defined energy-momentum tensor. This is also true for Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism which has an additional symmetry due to its spin one, restmass zero character. Similarly, the spin two, restmass zero character of the gravitational field leads to an additional gauge symmetry that happens to be isomorphic to the concept of general covariance. The gauge-covariant energy-momentum tensor for gravitational interactions vanishes identically.     

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅹ)--MASTER BALANCE LAW

Through a comparison between the expressions of master balance laws and the conservation laws derived by Noether's theorem, a unified master balance law and six physically possible balance equations for micropolar continuum mechanics are naturally deduced. Among them, by extending the well-known conventional concept of energymomentum tensor, the rather general conservation laws and balance equations named after energy-momentum, energy-angular momentum and energy-energy are obtained. It is clear that the forms of the physical field quantities in the master balance law for the last three cases could not be assumed directly by perceiving through the intuition. Finally,some existing results are reduced immediately as special cases.     

Energy, momentum and angular momentum in the dyadosphere of a charged spacetime in teleparallel equivalent of general relativity

We apply the energy momentum and angular momentum tensor to a tetrad field, with two unknown functions of radial coordinate, in the framework of a teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR). The definition of the gravitational energy is used to investigate the energy within the external event horizon of the dyadosphere region for the Reissner-Nordström black hole. We also calculate the spatial momentum and angular momentum.     

On the relation between ADM and Bondi energy-momenta Ⅲ-perturbed radiative spatial infinity

In a vacuum spacetime equipped with the Bondi's radiating metric which is asymptotically flat at spatial infinity including gravitational radiation (Condition D), we establish the relation between the ADM total energy-momentum and the Bondi energy-momentum for perturbed radiative spatial infinity. The perturbation is given by defining the "real" time as the sum of the retarded time, the Euclidean distance and certain function f.     

二维静态时空中Dirac场的重正化能动张量和Casimir效应

在一般渐近平直的二维静态黑洞时空中,利用重正化能动张量的一般性质, 对位于两“平行板”间满足Dirichlet条件的无质量Dirac场的重正化能动张量的真空期待值进行了分析和计算, 得到了一般表达式.利用该表达式可以给出各种具体渐近平直二维静态黑洞时空中的相应Casimir力.对于重正化能动张量及Casimir力与真空态定义(包括Boulware 真空态、Hartle-Hawking真空态和Unrum真空态三种情况)、Hawking辐射和反常迹的关系分别进行了讨论，给出了相应的表达式和计算结果. 关键词： 能动张量 Casimir 效应 黑洞 真空态