全文获取类型
收费全文 | 18740篇 |
免费 | 3762篇 |
国内免费 | 3004篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 10611篇 |
晶体学 | 200篇 |
力学 | 1646篇 |
综合类 | 158篇 |
数学 | 2085篇 |
物理学 | 10806篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 74篇 |
2023年 | 244篇 |
2022年 | 598篇 |
2021年 | 636篇 |
2020年 | 814篇 |
2019年 | 633篇 |
2018年 | 656篇 |
2017年 | 723篇 |
2016年 | 846篇 |
2015年 | 799篇 |
2014年 | 1113篇 |
2013年 | 1648篇 |
2012年 | 1153篇 |
2011年 | 1269篇 |
2010年 | 1113篇 |
2009年 | 1300篇 |
2008年 | 1309篇 |
2007年 | 1341篇 |
2006年 | 1271篇 |
2005年 | 1013篇 |
2004年 | 905篇 |
2003年 | 850篇 |
2002年 | 702篇 |
2001年 | 604篇 |
2000年 | 591篇 |
1999年 | 511篇 |
1998年 | 440篇 |
1997年 | 368篇 |
1996年 | 293篇 |
1995年 | 254篇 |
1994年 | 210篇 |
1993年 | 162篇 |
1992年 | 141篇 |
1991年 | 138篇 |
1990年 | 90篇 |
1989年 | 96篇 |
1988年 | 81篇 |
1987年 | 74篇 |
1986年 | 73篇 |
1985年 | 60篇 |
1984年 | 47篇 |
1983年 | 26篇 |
1982年 | 39篇 |
1981年 | 39篇 |
1980年 | 33篇 |
1979年 | 32篇 |
1978年 | 14篇 |
1977年 | 21篇 |
1976年 | 12篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Won Keun Son Ji Ho Youk Taek Seung Lee Won Ho Park 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(1):5-11
Electrospinning of cellulose acetate (CA) in a new solvent system and the deacetylation of the resulting ultrafine CA fibers were investigated. Ultrafine CA fibers (∼2.3 μm) were successfully prepared via electrospinning of CA in a mixed solvent of acetone/water at water contents of 10–15 wt %, and more ultrafine CA fibers (0.46 μm) were produced under basic pH conditions. Ultrafine cellulose fibers were regenerated from the homogeneous deacetylation of ultrafine CA fibers in KOH/ethanol. It was very rapid and completed within 20 min. The crystal structure, thermal properties, and morphology of ultrafine CA fibers were changed according to the degree of deacetylation, finally to those of pure cellulose, but the nonwoven fibrous mat structure was maintained. The activation energy for the deacetylation of ultrafine CA fibers was 10.3 kcal/mol. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 5–11, 2004 相似文献
32.
Richard Kotek Kyeong Pang Ben Schmidt Alan Tonelli 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(23):4247-4254
Poly(ethylene isophthalate) (PEI) was synthesized for this research with essentially a condensation polymerization of isophthalic acid and ethylene glycol catalyzed by zinc acetate and antimony trioxide. Several samples were obtained, and their characteristics were observed and compared with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The synthesized PEI samples were chemically identified by 1H NMR. Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) yielded results that indicate the samples were primarily amorphous, with a glass‐transition temperature of 55–60 °C. Molecular weights of these PEI samples were also obtained through intrinsic viscosity measurements (Mark–Houwink equation). Molecular weights varied with conditions of the polymerization, and the highest molecular weight achieved was 21,000 g/mol. Finally, the diffusion coefficient, solubility, and permeability of CO2 gas in PEI were measured and found to be substantially lower than in PET, as anticipated from their isomeric chemical structures. This is because in PET the phenyl rings are substituted in the para (1,4) positions, which allows for their facile flipping, effectively permitting gases to pass through. However, the meta‐substituted phenyl rings in PEI do not permit such ring flipping, and thus PEI may be more suitable for barrier applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4247–4254, 2004 相似文献
33.
L. A. Utracki 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2004,42(15):2909-2915
The Simha and Somcynsky (S–S) statistical thermodynamics theory was used to compute the solubility parameters as a function of temperature and pressure [δ = δ(T, P)], for a series of polymer melts. The characteristic scaling parameters required for this task, P*, T*, and V*, were extracted from the pressure–temperature–volume (PVT) data. To determine the potential polymer–polymer miscibility, the dependence of δ versus T (at ambient pressure) was computed for 17 polymers. Close proximity of the δ versus T curves for four miscible polymer pairs: PPE/PS, PS/PVME, and PC/PMMA signaled the usefulness of this approach. It is noteworthy, that the tabulated solubility parameters (derived from the solution data under ambient conditions) propounded the immiscibility of the PVC/PVAc pair. The computed values of δ also suggested miscibility for polymer pairs of unknown miscibility, namely PPE/PVC, PPE/PVAc, and PET/PSF. In recognizing the limitations of the solubility parameter approach (the omission of several thermodynamic contributions), these preliminary results are auspicious because they indicate a new route for estimating the miscibility of any polymeric material at a given temperature and pressure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 2909–2915, 2004 相似文献
34.
Bakul C. Dave Xiankui Hu Yogeeswari Devaraj Shirshak K. Dhali 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》2004,32(1-3):143-147
There is a current need for alternative coatings that can provide corrosion resistance to metals or alloy surfaces due to the environmental hazards posed by conventional coatings. Herein, we report on novel organically-modified sol–gel coatings for the protection of metal and alloy surfaces. The basic concept of chemical conversion of metal surfaces is based on deposition of a hydrophobic, nonporous sol–gel barrier layer for surface protection and corrosion prevention. The properties of these organosilica coatings can be tuned by varying the composition of precursors. The evaluation of hydrophobicity, adhesive strength, and anticorrosion properties of organically-modified sol–gel derived coatings suggests their potential utility as technologically-compatible alternatives to conventional coatings. 相似文献
35.
Kinetic parameters of amino acid cations in an MK-40 ion-exchange membrane are calculated from the conductivity data. A theoretical quantum-chemical analysis of experimental activation energies for conduction suggests a mechanism of elementary act of transport of amino acid cations in the membrane. 相似文献
36.
We analyse a model for equilibrium configurations of composite systems of nematic liquid crystal with polymer inclusions, in the presence of an external magnetic field. We assume that the system has a periodic structure, and consider the relaxed problem on the unit length constraint of the nematic director field. The relaxation of the Oseen–Frank energy functional is carried out by including bulk as well as surface energy penalty terms, rendering the problem fully non‐linear. We employ two‐scale convergence methods to obtain effective configurations of the system, as the size of the polymeric inclusions tends to zero. We discuss the minimizers of the effective energies for, both, the constrained as well as the unconstrained models. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
37.
38.
We show that, contrary to earlier reports, application of the one-parameter variational technique to the classical (image) model for H in front of an Al surface leads to energy shifts for the ground state which are very close to those obtained numerically with a more sophisticated model of the system. 相似文献
39.
A new scheme for controlling photodissociation through preparation of a variationally optimized linear superposition of field free vibrational eigenstates is applied for selective control of IBr and HI dissociation. The dependence of photodissociation on various field parameters and initial conditions is examined to investigate the mechanistic basis of selective control. The parametric equations of motion approach for determining vibrational dynamics as a function of field parameters without having to solve the time dependent Schrödinger equation explicitly for each field parameter separately is outlined and its use to identify field characteristics which will provide the requisite population mix represented by the optimal linear superposition of vibrational states is advocated. 相似文献
40.
Many biological and medical studies have as a response of interest the time to occurrence of some event, such as the occurrence of a particular symptom or disease, remission, relapse, death due to some specific disease, or simply death. In this paper we study the problem of assessing the effect of potential risk factors on the outcome event of interest through a parametric or semi-parametric frailty model where the lifetimes have a reason to be considered dependent. This dependence may arise because of multiple endpoints within the same individual or because, when studying a single endpoint, there are natural groupings between study subjects. The objective of this paper is to extend both parametric and semi-parametric approaches to regression analysis in which the lifetimes of individuals in a group are effected by the same random frailty which follows a positive stable distribution. Some comparisons of the properties of this frailty distribution with other frailty distributions are made and an example which assesses the effect of a treatment in a litter-matched tumorigenesis study is presented. 相似文献