Applications and prospects of two-phase, tuneable solvent systems composed of ionic liquids (ILs) and supercritical fluids with an emphasis on supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) are reviewed. The IL-scCO(2) biphasic systems have increasingly been used in diverse fields of chemistry and technology, and some examples of these applications are mentioned here. Rational design of such applications can obviously benefit from pertinent data on phase equilibria including the partition coefficients of the prospective products and reactants between the two phases. Therefore, a reliable technique to measure the limiting partition coefficients would be of value. Here, the pros and cons of supercritical fluid chromatography in this respect are discussed. An overview of methods for predictive thermodynamic modelling of binary (IL-scCO(2)) and ternary (solute-IL-scCO(2)) systems is also included. 相似文献
为了实现长周期光栅透射谱测量模式的远距离监测,设计了单端面镀反射膜的测量装置系统,对单端面镀银膜长周期光栅的传感原理做了分析,并从实验的角度分别对单端面镀银膜模式系统和直接透射模式系统的长周期光栅在不同折射率的环境介质中的响应进行了研究,比较了它们的异同。首先,采用2×2单模光纤耦合器分别连接光谱分析仪、光源、长周期光栅。然后,在包含长周期光栅的光纤的另一个端面制备反射银膜。最后,通过测量一系列不同折射率的环境介质,比较了直接透射模式与单端面镀银膜模式下的长周期光栅的响应光谱。实验结果表明:采用波长解调表达时,对于同一种环境介质,两种模式下长周期光栅的响应光谱的谐振波长基本相同;采用功率/峰值解调表达时,随着甘油浓度从水变为80%的甘油溶液,直接透射模式下的光损耗从-6.05 d B变为-9.22 d B,单端面镀银膜模式下的光损耗从-8.03 d B变为-11.33d B。与直接透射模式相比,单端面镀银膜的长周期光栅光谱中的相对光损耗明显增加,谐振峰更尖锐,更有利于谐振波长和谐振峰光损耗值的识别。本研究设计的单端面镀银膜的长周期光栅测量系统不仅保留了长周期光栅透射谱的感应模式,而且使长周期光栅在对环境介质的测量中操作更加灵活方便,尤其是在远距离、恶劣环境或深层液体的折射率测量中具有独特的优势。 相似文献
A simple polymerization of trichlorophosphoranimine (Cl3P = N−SiMe3) mediated by functionalized triphenylphosphines is presented. In situ initiator formation and the subsequent polymerization progress are investigated by 31P NMR spectroscopy, demonstrating a living cationic polymerization mechanism. The polymer chain lengths and molecular weights of the resulting substituted poly(organo)phosphazenes are further studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography. This strategy facilitates the preparation of polyphosphazenes with controlled molecular weights and specific functional groups at the α‐chain end. Such well‐defined, mono‐end‐functionalized polymers have great potential use in bioconjugation, surface modification, and as building blocks for complex macromolecular constructs.
Free vibration analysis of truncated conical shells with general elastic boundary conditions is presented in this paper. An accurate modified Fourier series solution is developed, in which, regardless of the boundary conditions, each displacement of the conical shell is invariantly expressed as a new form of improved series expansions composed of a standard Fourier series and closed-form auxiliary functions introduced to ensure and accelerate the convergence of the series expansion. All the expansion coefficients are treated as the generalized coordinates and determined using the Rayleigh–Ritz method. By using the present method, conical shells with arbitrary boundary conditions including all classical and elastic end restraints can be solved in a unified form. The accuracy and convergence of the current approach are validated by numerical examples and comparison with FEM results and those from the literature, and excellent accuracy is demonstrated. Comprehensive studies on the effects of elastic restraint parameters, semi-vertex angle and the ratio of length to radius are also reported. Some new results are presented for cases with elastic boundary restraints which may serve as benchmark solution for future researches. 相似文献