Surface core level shift observed on NiAl(1 1 0)

Using high resolution core level spectroscopy, a surface core level shift towards lower binding energy of −0.13 eV is determined for the 2p level of the outwardly relaxed Al surface atoms on NiAl(1 1 0). Density functional theory based calculations with inclusion of final state effects yield a value of −0.14 eV for this shift in excellent agreement with experiment. We show that the initial state approximation yields a value of +0.09 eV, i.e. the inclusion of final state relaxation effects is vital not only to obtain the correct value but even the correct sign for this shift.     

Lasing of a DCM dye layer in carbazole-based films

We have studied the spectral and lasing properties of 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) in polyepoxypropylcarbazole (PEPK), polybutylcarbazole (PBK), and polyvinylcarbazole (PVK) films when excited by emission from a XeCl laser (λ = 308 nm) and the second harmonic of a YAGNd laser (λ = 532 nm). Stimulated emission was excited without an external cavity in the traveling wave mode in films of thickness 0.5–0.8 μm, obtained by the centrifuging method. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 177–181, March–April, 2006.     

Dual-order Raman fiber laser with suppressed low-frequency pump-to-stokes RIN transfer

By employing an output-power clamping technique, a dual-order Raman fiber laser (RFL) is theoretically presented with suppressed low-frequency relative-intensity-noise (RIN) transfer from pump sources to both first- and second-order Stokes output. Their powers can be easily tuned in a large dynamic range. Furthermore, the second-order output power can be individually controlled, which makes it flexible to adjust the ratio of the first- to second-order output power. In addition, the stabilization of low-power second-order output is also accomplished in the RFL setup. These properties fit the proposed RFL for use as dual-order pump sources in Raman fiber amplifiers.     

Analysis on surface charging of insulator prior to flashover in vacuum

Prior to the flashover across an insulator in vacuum, the insulator surface is usually charged. It is of great importance to investigate the charging phenomena for better understanding the flashover characteristics. It is considered that there are two kinds of mechanisms closely related to the surface charging of insulator i.e., the secondary electron emission occurred over an insulator, and while employing a perfect electrode contact ahead of electron emission into vacuum, the charge injection and accumulation occurred inside the surface layer of an insulator. Based on the rigorous analysis of the kinetic processes of both primary and secondary electrons, the related surface charges were theoretically deduced. Involving the detrapping of charges trapped and the recombination of charges injected, the charging process due to charge injection and accumulation was analyzed. Some formulas were given to express the density of surface charges.     

x射线在毛细导管中传输的模拟计算

阐述了x射线在毛细导管中传输的基本理论，根据光线追迹原理建立了x射线在毛细导管中传输的计算模型.在此基础上使用MATLAB编写程序，实现了对x光经过x光单导管的传输效率和光强分布的模拟计算.计算结果和实验数据进行比较，得到了很好的符合. 关键词： 模拟计算 毛细导管 光线追迹 传输效率 光强分布     

氢等离子体处理——一种有效提高碳纳米管场发射性能的方法

研究了经氢等离子体处理后多壁碳纳米管的场发射性能。测量了处理前后样品的电流电压特性和表面形貌。结果表明经氢等离子体处理后,发射性能明显改善,发射点密度由未经处理的104/cm2提高到106/cm2。发现了一种新的碳纳米管结构,称之为多结的碳纳米管,并讨论了样品发射性能提高的可能机理。这种处理提供了一种有效提高发射点密度和基于碳纳米管的平板显示器性能的方法,非常适用于低成本大面积场发射阴极的制作。     

Processes limiting the rate of response in photorefractive composites

The processes limiting the rate of response of highly diffractive, reorientationally enhanced photorefractive polymer composite materials are identified from a series of degenerate four wave mixing and Mach–Zehnder interferometric measurements. In the regime of low intensity writing beams charge generation limits the rate of holographic grating formation, but at higher intensities charge transport or reorientation of dye molecules can restrict the rate of grating formation more strongly. A grating risetime of 540 ms is observed in a composite of high dye content with high reorientational mobility of the dye molecules. In this case it is proposed that the charge carrier mobility of the doped poly(N-vinylcarbazole):2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (PVK:TNF) matrix is the principal limiting factor in grating response rates.     

利用LNG冷(火用)的准零CO2排放循环探析

本文研究利用LNG冷(火用)来完善燃用它的热机性能,既提高了效率,又能回收用LNG燃料热机的唯一主要排放-CO2.这种系统的温度区间横跨大气温度,会有很多新的特点值得探索.作为前期研究,本文建议了两种新循环,分别基于Brayton循环与超临界Rankine循环,且分别适用于LNG超临界及亚临界汽化过程.文中对此两种循环进行了分析计算与讨论,说明建议是可行的,热机效率可达60%以上,且同时基本回收所有燃烧产生的CO2.     

具有光照强度不变性的显微细胞图像处理算法

显微图像受光源光照强度的影响很大,研究了不受光照强度影响的显微细胞图像的增强技术。对显微灰度图像,用Top Hat算法对细胞进行了突出;对于显微彩色图像,先由图像的RGB空间变换到IHS(Intensity,HueandSaturation)空间,然后,通过对分量提取细胞的颜色信息。实验表明,以上两种方法消除了光照强度变化对图像的影响。