全文获取类型
收费全文 | 22934篇 |
免费 | 5290篇 |
国内免费 | 2557篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 16853篇 |
晶体学 | 307篇 |
力学 | 685篇 |
综合类 | 143篇 |
数学 | 1186篇 |
物理学 | 11607篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 71篇 |
2023年 | 276篇 |
2022年 | 624篇 |
2021年 | 691篇 |
2020年 | 925篇 |
2019年 | 794篇 |
2018年 | 713篇 |
2017年 | 747篇 |
2016年 | 1235篇 |
2015年 | 1270篇 |
2014年 | 1437篇 |
2013年 | 2327篇 |
2012年 | 1618篇 |
2011年 | 1677篇 |
2010年 | 1381篇 |
2009年 | 1482篇 |
2008年 | 1537篇 |
2007年 | 1695篇 |
2006年 | 1521篇 |
2005年 | 1301篇 |
2004年 | 1080篇 |
2003年 | 991篇 |
2002年 | 730篇 |
2001年 | 663篇 |
2000年 | 619篇 |
1999年 | 500篇 |
1998年 | 450篇 |
1997年 | 398篇 |
1996年 | 297篇 |
1995年 | 269篇 |
1994年 | 235篇 |
1993年 | 191篇 |
1992年 | 142篇 |
1991年 | 112篇 |
1990年 | 107篇 |
1989年 | 85篇 |
1988年 | 96篇 |
1987年 | 73篇 |
1986年 | 73篇 |
1985年 | 67篇 |
1984年 | 59篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 36篇 |
1981年 | 39篇 |
1980年 | 27篇 |
1979年 | 19篇 |
1978年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 13篇 |
1974年 | 10篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
42.
In this paper we report the results of a morphological and structural investigation on film properties of a soluble polydiacetylene, the poly[1,6-bis(3,6-dihexadecyl-N-carbazolyl)-2,4-hexadiyne] (polyDCHD-HS). The red films of this polymer, prepared by standard spin-coating techniques, revealed absence of linear dichroism and birefringence in contrast with the ordered mesophases detected by powder X-ray studies. In order to interpret the optical behavior of this polymer, we performed AFM and SEM studies of polyDCHD-HS films spun on hydrophylic and hydrophobic glass substrates. We found the presence of surfaces organized in rod-like particles, more regularly oriented on the hydrophylic substrate. GIXRD studies, carried out on films sufficiently thick to allow the observation of the diffraction pattern, reveled the presence of a lamellar structure with a spacing of 3.22 nm. The low intensity of the diffraction peaks and the isotropic linear optical properties of the films show that the lamellar mesophases are not extended over large areas. These findings were compared with the data obtained from AFM and SEM studies on films of two other polydiacetylenes, the poly[1-(3,6-dihexadexyl-N-carbazolyl)-6-(N-carbazolyl)-2,4-hexadyine] (polya-DCHD) and the poly[1,6-bis(3,6-dipalmitoyl-N-carbazolyl)-2,4-hexadyine] (polyDPCHD), spun on hydrophylic glass substrate. The results confirmed the presence of nodular morphologies which seem to be a general characteristic of this class of materials. The particles organization appears instead related to the chemical nature of the substituents on the carbazolyl rings. 相似文献
43.
On the properties of solutions to the Goursat-Darboux problem with boundary and distributed controls
N. I. Pogodaev 《Siberian Mathematical Journal》2007,48(5):897-912
We consider a control system described by the Goursat-Darboux equation. The system is controlled by distributed and boundary controls. The controls are subject to the constraints given as multivalued mappings with closed, possibly nonconvex, values depending on the phase variable. Alongside the initial constraints, we consider the convexified constraints and the constraints whose values are the extreme points of the convexified constraints. We study the questions of existence of solutions and establish connections between the solutions under various constraints. 相似文献
44.
Mihai V. Putz 《International journal of quantum chemistry》2006,106(2):361-389
A unified Mulliken valence with Parr ground‐state electronegativity picture is presented. It provides a useful analytical tool on which the absolute hardness as well ionization potential and electron affinity functionals are based. For all these chemical reactivity indices, systematic approximate density functionals are formulated within density functional softness theory and are applied to atomic systems. For the absolute hardness, a special relationship with the new electronegativity ansatz and a particular atomic trend paralleling the absolute electron affinity are established that should complement and augment the earlier finite‐difference energetic approach. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006 相似文献
45.
S. C. Tiwari 《Foundations of Physics Letters》2006,19(1):51-62
Advances in gauge theories and unified theories have not thrown light on the meaning of electron. The problem of the origin
of electronic charge is made precise, new insights gained from Weyl space are summarized, and the origin of charge in terms
of fractional spin is suggested. A new perspective on the abelian Chern-Simons theory is presented to explain charge. 相似文献
46.
J.E. Lorenzo H. Requardt 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2002,28(2):185-186
Eur. Phys. J. B 24, 315 (2001) Here we comment on a recently published paper on the presence of a phason contribution in the low temperature heat capacity data of the charge-density-wave compounds K0.3MoO3 and (TaSe4)2I. We have shown that the anomaly in the C
P
/
T
3
data reported by Odin et al. is straightforwardly interpreted in terms of low energy phonon modes resulting from the peculiar topology of these compounds.
Received 21 February 2002 Published online 19 July 2002 相似文献
47.
《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2006,38(3):150-157
The role of water‐soluble corrosion products on galvanized wires was examined. The samples used were industrial hot‐dip galvanized wires, which were exposed to the open air under all weather conditions for a relatively short time (6 and 12 months), in an urban environment close to the sea. The samples were studied by different methods, i.e. scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and optical microscopy (OM). Several phases were detected because of the galvanization procedure and the steel substrate. Furthermore, phases which were formed as a result of the reaction of zinc with the atmosphere were also detected. These were oxides like ZnO, carbonates like ZnCO3 and hydrated Zn and Fe sulfates. Their presence influences the corrosion resistance of the wires, which finally, strongly depends on the solubility of the wires in water. The SO42? compounds especially are very soluble and consequently are easily removed from the coating surface, leading to its degradation by the formation of cavities. In any case, their presence, even after a short period of exposure, implies that the coating is highly affected by the atmosphere of the modern city. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
49.
We have generalized the coherent potential approximation (CPA) of Tripathi and Behera to the case of ann-component alloy. It is seen that then-component CPA density of states reproduces the binary, ternary quartenary alloys etc when the appropriate limits are adopted. 相似文献
50.
Shoaib Ahmad 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,18(3):309-318
The mechanisms and processes of the formation of the regenerative soot in a graphite hollow cathode discharge that produces
and emits carbon clusters are presented. Mass spectrometry with a specially designed E×B velocity filter analyzes the entire range of the charged clusters from C
1 to ∼C
4300. The state of the carbon vapour within the source is evaluated by using the characteristic line emissions from the carbonaceous
discharge whose formative mechanisms depend upon the kinetic and potential sputtering of the sooted cathode. The carbonaceous
discharge generates atomic and ionic C and its clusters C
m (m≥ 2), noble gas metastable atoms and ions, energetic electrons and photons in the cavity of the graphite hollow cathode. The
parameters of soot formation and its recycling depend critically on the discharge parameters, the geometry of the hollow cathode
and 3D profile of the cusp magnetic field contours.
Received 2nd July 2001 and Received in final form 10 September 2001 相似文献