Ultra‐light carbon nanotube sponge as an efficient electromagnetic shielding material in the GHz range

CVD synthesised CNT flexible sponge with density lower than 0.02 g cm^–3 has been found to serve as high performance EMI shielding material without the aid of any polymer infiltration or impregnation. Due to its extreme lightweight, the specific SE of the CNT‐sponge was found to be as high as 1100 dB cm³ g^–1, having a total SE above 20 dB in the whole 1–18 GHz range, and being able to shield by absorption. The material is the best of our knowledge this specific SE value appears to be the highest reported hitherto. Improved EM absorbers should fulfil the synergic requirements of being low reflective and highly absorptive. In our CNT‐sponges this condition is not satisfied because, although their net absorption ability is strongly remarkable, their high electrical conductivity favours the wave to be reflected at the input interface. Therefore, this sponge material would have a great potential for microwave‐frequency applications that need negligible reflection and great absorption when combined in a multilayered structure that could prevent the wave to be reflected at the input interface. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

A numerical study of electromagnetic waves in periodic waveguides

Here are considered time‐harmonic electromagnetic waves in a quadratic waveguide consisting of a periodic dielectric core enclosed by conducting walls. The permittivity function may be smooth or have jumps. The electromagnetic field is given by a magnetic vector potential in Lorenz gauge, and defined on a Floquet cell. The Helmholtz operator is approximated by a Chebyshev collocation, Fourier–Galerkin method. Laurent's rule and the inverse rule are employed for the representation of Fourier coefficients of products of functions. The computations yield, for known wavenumbers, values of the first few eigenfrequencies of the field. In general, the dispersion curves exhibit band gaps. Field patterns are identified as transverse electric, TE, transverse magnetic, TM, or hybrid modes. Maxwell's equations are fulfilled. A few trivial solutions appear when the permittivity varies in the guiding direction and across it. The results of the present method are consistent with exact results and with those obtained by a low‐order finite element software. The present method is more efficient than the low‐order finite element method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 30: 490–513, 2014     

Analysis of a multi-frequency electromagnetic imaging functional for thin,crack-like electromagnetic inclusions

Recently, a non-iterative multi-frequency subspace migration imaging algorithm was developed based on an asymptotic expansion formula for thin, curve-like electromagnetic inclusions and the structure of singular vectors in the Multi-Static Response (MSR) matrix. The present study examines the structure of subspace migration imaging functional and proposes an improved imaging functional weighted by the frequency. We identify the relationship between the imaging functional and Bessel functions of integer order of the first kind. Numerical examples for single and multiple inclusions show that the presented algorithm not only retains the advantages of the traditional imaging functional but also improves the imaging performance.     

SERS enhancement of gold nanospheres of defined size

Monodisperse, citrate‐stabilized gold nanoparticles of sizes ranging from 15 to 40 nm were synthesized and characterized by small angle X‐ray scattering and UV‐vis experiments. Identical surface properties of nanoparticles of different sizes to avoid variation in the chemical surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement, as well as selection of experimental conditions so that no aggregation took place, enabled the investigation of enhancement of individual nanospheres. Enhancement factors (EFs) for SERS were determined using the dye crystal violet (CV). EFs for individual gold nanospheres ranged from 10² to 10³, in agreement with theoretical predictions. An increase of the EFs of individual spheres with size can be correlated to changes in the extinction spectra of nanoparticle solutions. This confirms that the increase in enhancement with increasing size results from an increase in electromagnetic enhancement. Beyond this dependence of EFs of isolated gold spheres on their size, EFs were shown to vary with analyte concentration as a result of analyte‐induced aggregation. This has implications for the application of nanoparticle solutions as SERS substrates in quantitative analytical tasks. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Excited States Symmetry Breaking and In-Plane Polarization Cause Chiral Reversal in Diastereomers

In this work, we investigate the electronic transitions and chirality of three isomers of huge conjugated systems: asymmetric diastereomers (MMMM) and two symmetrical diastereomers (PMPM and PPMM). The physical mechanism of flipping has been studied theoretically. The new ribbon-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) molecule is formed by connecting three graphene-like systems with large conjugated π orbitals. By calculating and analyzing electromagnetic interaction decomposition over distance, it can be found that the chirality reversal of different energies is caused by the symmetrical fracture of TMDM in the Z direction. The chirality reversal at the same energy is caused by the in-plane polarization of the TMDM along the Y direction.     

极紫外投影光刻接触孔掩模的快速仿真计算

采用一个极紫外投影光刻掩模衍射简化模型实现了三维接触孔掩模衍射场的快速仿真计算。基于该模型,得到了接触孔掩模衍射场分布的解析表达式,并对光刻成像时的图形位置偏移现象进行了解释和分析。简化模型中,掩模包括吸收层和多层膜两部分结构,吸收层的透射利用薄掩模修正模型进行计算,多层膜的反射近似为镜面反射。以周期44 nm、特征尺寸分别为16 nm和22 nm的方形接触孔为例,入射光方向发生变化时,该简化模型与严格仿真相比,图形特征尺寸误差小于0.4 nm,计算速度提高了近100倍。此外,考虑到多层膜镜面位置对图形位置偏移量的影响,得到了图形位置偏移量的计算公式,其计算结果也与严格仿真相一致。     

一种基于分形结构的复合左右手传输线及其在小型化功分器中应用

首先提出了一种基于互补开口单环谐振器对(CSSRRP)的新型谐振式复合左右手传输线(CRLH TL)和其等效电路模型. 采用Bloch理论对等效电路进行了深入研究, 推导了CRLH TL工作于平衡态的计算公式. 通过等效电磁参数提取, 证明了该结构的负折射率与后向波传输特性. 其次在CSSRRP中引入Koch分形结构, 设计了工作于WiMAX波段的电小平衡零相移传输线. 最后基于设计的零相移传输线制作了一分四串联功分器. 对其进行测试, 测试结果与仿真结果完全符合, 从而验证了设计方法的正确性. 与传统统蜿蜒线状一分四功分器相比, 本文提出的功分器带宽有效展宽56%且尺寸缩减了42%. 基于分形CSSRRP的左手传输线必将在小型化无线通信系统中得到广泛应用.     

电磁轨道发射装置隔离式分压器

研制了一套用于测量电磁发射装置轨道电压信号的隔离式分压器,实现了测量回路与被测回路之间的电隔离,简化了电磁发射装置测试系统的复杂性。并对影响隔离式分压器频率响应的元件参数进行了参数扫描,结果表明:研制的分压器在-3 dB区间的频率响应范围为14 Hz~18 MHz,满足电磁发射装置轨道电压信号的测试要求。使用P6015A高压探头进行比对标定,输出信号的前沿约1s,频率响应满足电磁轨道发射装置轨道电压信号的测量要求。同时用隔离式分压器及电阻分压器测量轨道电压信号,两者波形符合较好。     

均匀共沉淀法制备NiO包覆Al粉体及性能研究

采用均匀共沉淀法制备了NiO包覆片状铝粉的NiO/Al复合粉末,系统研究了制备工艺对NiO/Al复合粉末红外发射率的影响。采用XRD和SEM对复合粒子的晶体结构及表面形貌进行了分析,利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和矢量网络分析仪对复合粉末的红外发射率和电磁参数进行了测试。结果表明:当铝粉的量为2.0 g,反应时间7.0 h,反应温度70℃,煅烧温度450℃时,所得复合粉末的红外发射率最低0.5556;复合粉末的表面NiO包覆较为完整,复合粉末呈片状,厚度基本均匀;复合粉末具有较好的电磁性能。     

用组合式电磁粒子速度计研究JOB-9003炸药的冲击起爆过程

用组合式电磁粒子速度计研究了JOB-9003炸药在不同冲击压力下的起爆过程。粒子速度计所测波形较好地反映出了炸药中冲击波向爆轰波的转变过程。对冲击波跟踪器所测波形的分析表明,冲击压力为4.9 GPa时,JOB-9003炸药冲击转爆轰的距离和时间分别为xD=6.06 mm和tD=1.13 s,当冲击压力增加到 5.8 GPa时,转爆轰的距离和时间减小为xD=5.66 mm和tD=1.01 s。