Adatom Hypothesis as a Predominant Mechanism of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering: A Review of Experimental Argumentation

A contemporary review of research concerning the mechanism of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is presented and it is stated that this problem is yet to be solved. The necessity to yet once again analyze some of the familiar experimental observations and the deep-rooted beliefs and revise quantitative evaluations of SERS enhancement via major mechanisms (electromagnetic and chemical) with allowance made for most important experimental characteristics of SERS is substantiated. The characteristics are enumerated and the role they play in the above evaluations is sketched. Attention is focused mainly on electrochemical aspects of SERS problem, which to a large extent define the content and salient features of SERS and provide basic experimental justification for the so-called adatom hypothesis.__________Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 8, 2005, pp. 899–935.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Lazorenko-Manevich.In memory of Vladislav Vladimirovich Marinyuk     

电磁能的军用展望

本文简要介绍了电磁能在发射和输能技术方面的研究现状，预测21世纪电磁能的军事应用前景．     

在非拓扑孤立子模型中核子的电磁形状因子

从Friedberg-李政道的非拓扑孤立子模型出发得到一个新的夸克禁闭势.利用这个新的禁闭势,预言了核子的静态性质,并与实验数据进行了比较.理论很好地解释了实验结果.     

电磁波在多层介质内的透射

导了多层介质中透射电磁波的电场振幅与介质表面入射电磁波场电场振幅之间的关系式，引入了一个母函数，通过微分可以生成介质各层中的透射波。     

Electromagnetic form factors of nucleons in a relativistic square-root potential model of independent quarks

The nucleon electromagnetic form factorsG _E ^P (q²),G _M ^P (q²) and the axial-vector form factor G_A(q²) are studied in a relativistic model of independent quarks confined by an equally mixed scalar-vector square root potentialV _q(r)=1/2(1+γ ⁰)(ar ^1/2+ν ₀) taking into account the appropriate centre-of-mass corrections. The respective root-mean-square radii associated withG _E ^P (q²) and G _A (q²) come out as [〈r ²〉 _E ^P ]^1/2=0.86 fm and 〈r _A ² 〉^1/2=0.88 fm. Restoration of chiral symmetry in this model is discussed to derive the pion-nucleon form factorG _πNN(q²) and consequently the pion-nucleon coupling constant is obtained asg _πNN(q²)=12.81 as compared tog _πNN(q²)_exp⋍13.     

物理技术在水产养殖中的应用

大量的实验证明，一定剂量的电场、磁场、激光、中子辐射等物理因子对水生生物都有一定的刺激作用，都能在一定程度上促进其生长发育，从而使其产质量提高。文章总结了近十年来物理技术在水产养殖方面的应用及所取得的成果，并对其未来的发展作了初步展望。     

电动力学教学改革与实践

文章结合“电动力学”课程内容的特点，采用课内内容与课外内容相结合，理论与实践相结合，吸引学生对自己感兴趣的内容作深入的了解与研究，并写出一份研究性论文或理论性较强的综述性的报告，从而使学生具有初步的分析问题和解决问题的科研能力．这一教学尝试，不仅提高了学生独立从事研究能力，而且也提高了教师的业务水平．     

夜视像增强器(蓝光延伸与近红外延伸光阴极)的近期进展

２０世纪９０年代以来，夜视像增强器的研究主要朝着两个方向发展：一是研究对于探测、识别与确认沙漠地带或沙地景物有贡献的蓝光延伸（＜５５０ｎｍ）ＧａＡｓ负电子亲和势（ＮＥＡ）光阴极，光谱响应向短波长延伸，使光阴极灵敏度、光增益与鉴别率等性能大大优于标准三代管，从而形成“加强三代管”或所谓“四代管”，其探测性能较标准三代管高一倍；二是研究与夜天空辐射较为匹配、对１．０６μｍ激光有较高响应的光阴极，包括研究ＩｎＧａＡｓ、ＮＥＡ光阴极（１．０～１．３μｍ和１．５～２．０μｍ）和多碱光阴极（１．０～１．１μｍ）这三类近红外（ＮＩＲ）像管，可用于主被动夜视。本文综述了这几个方面的进展及其在夜视中的实际应用。     

获取超短波长电磁辐射的新途径

在系统研究运动电子对迎面而来的圆偏振激光脉冲的汤姆逊散射的基础上，讨论了获取超短波长电磁辐射的两种新方案。其一是利用超强圆偏振激光在具有特定速度的电子的非线性散射所伴随的谐波频率上称，其二是利用激光在相对论电子反向散射所伴随的多普勒频移。