Synchrotron XANES and ED‐XRF analyses of fine‐paste ware from 13th to 14th century maritime Southeast Asia

The combination of energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (ED‐XRF) and synchrotron X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) provides the detailed composition of fine‐paste ware (FPW) kendis, dated back to 13th–14th century maritime Southeast Asia. Sources of clay and production sites were classified according to Al₂O₃, SiO₂, α‐Fe₂O₃ and γ‐Fe₂O₃ as well as trace elements. The similarities based on these components provided another evidence of a trade route between Kota Cina in North Sumatra of Indonesia and Kok Moh on Satingphra Peninsula, a well‐known production area in present‐day Thailand. In additions, the uniquely large contribution of α‐Fe₂O₃ in XANES spectra suggests that Nakhon Si Thammarat province of Thailand could also be one of FPW production areas in maritime Southeast Asia. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Scattering of particles in wave beam based on series expansion

Based on the orthogonalities of the vector wave functions, the expressions of scattering fields are developed as the particle in the zero order field and in the first order fields of x, y, and z, respectively. A general relation between the expansion coefficients of scattering field and incident field is presented. Taking the elliptical beam for example, the scattering property of a particle in beam is investigated. After analyzing the effects of the beam waist, irradiating distance, etc. on scattering property, the validity of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated. Results show that the beam waist may improve the particle identification property and the particle has a strong scattering both in the forward direction and in the backward direction. The method proposed is simple and is a new way of researching the scattering from particles in electromagnetic beams.     

多普勒雷达测量电磁轨道炮内弹道速度

介绍了W波段多普勒雷达测量电磁轨道炮内弹道度速度的基本方法,并对口径30mm×25mm的串联增强型电磁轨道炮内弹道速度进行了实际测量。初步研究表明:雷达接收的信号易受到脉冲放电过程的干扰;雷达信号的信噪比取决于电枢与轨道电接触状态,在电源充电电压较低、接触面无电弧生成时测得了完整的内弹道速度,并与丝网靶和磁探针测量结果吻合;在较高充电电压条件下,由于电弧电接触产生的干扰,测速结果不够理想。     

基于差分吸收光谱法的大气痕量气体在线检测技术

差分光学吸收光谱学技术（Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy,DOAS）是近年来发展起来的一种实时检测大气中痕量气体浓度的有效方法,它采用线性最小二乘拟合方法,用痕量气体标准差分吸收截面对测量得到的差分吸收光谱进行拟合,得出大气中痕量气体的浓度。通过介绍DOAS方法的测量原理,在线监测系统的构成,气体浓度的反演方法,测量结果及讨论等内容,说明它在空气质量监测方面的优越性。     

Microwave dielectric and magnetic properties of superparamagnetic 8-nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles

The superparamagnetic 8-nm Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were successfully prepared by chemical oxidation process. For the complex permittivity, the dual dielectric relaxation processes have been proved by two overlapped Cole–Cole semicircles, and the natural resonance frequency is 3.03 GHz for the complex permeability. The maximum reflection loss value reaches −55.5 dB at 6.11 GHz with 3.85 mm in the thickness of the absorbers for the superparamagnetic 8-nm Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles which is better than that of 150 nm and 30 nm Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. It is believed that the superparamagnetic 8-nm Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles can be used as a kind of candidate for microwave absorber.     

人工种植黄芩根、茎、叶、花、种子中营养元素的光谱分析

使用火焰原子吸收光谱法对人工种植黄芩的根、茎、叶、花、种子5个部位中的Ca,Cu,Fe,Mn,Zn,K六种矿物元素的含量进行了测定分析。结果表明,黄芩各部位均含有丰富的矿物元素,根中营养元素由高到低的顺序是为Ca>Fe>Cu>Mn>Zn>K,茎中的为Fe>Mn>Zn=Cu>K>Ca,叶中的为Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>K>Ca,花中的为Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>K,种子中的为Ca>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu>K。研究认为人工种植黄芩茎、叶、花、种子中Fe, Mn, Zn含量皆较高,花和种子中还富含Ca, 根中富含Ca和Fe元素。     

原子吸收光谱法测定内蒙古典型草原长期施用有机肥对土壤锰组分影响

采用改进的BCR连续提取,利用原子吸收光谱法测定了内蒙古草地施用羊粪试验11年后土壤中Mn组分。试验设置5个处理,分别施干羊粪0,50,250,750和1 500 g·m-2·yr-1。结果表明,以四步加和法与强酸直接消煮法测定的全Mn含量作为回收率,各处理回收率为91.4%～105.9%,加标回收率为97.2%～102.9%。长期大量施有机肥可提高0～5 cm土层植物可利用的交换态Mn含量47.89%,但还原态Mn和全Mn含量显著下降。施肥对0～5 cm土层Mn形态影响大于5～10 cm土层。研究结果对于土壤微量元素形态测定及草地养分管理具有一定的参考价值。     

混合工质扩散吸收制冷系统初步实验研究

本文研究了一种混合工质扩散吸收制冷循环,在带溶液泵的循环实验装置上,以R23/R32/R134a为混合制冷剂,He为扩散气体,DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)为吸收剂,进行了实验研究。结果表明,高压侧混合制冷剂在回热器中进一步被低压侧混合制冷剂冷却,使其在更低的温度下液化并与He扩散蒸发,可以实现较低的蒸发温度。中间沸点组分R32可以改善系统的制冷性能,有利于较低蒸发温度的实现。本文提出的水平蛇形套管换热器用作扩散吸收系统回热器是可行的,但还需进一步改进回热器的结构,提高加工工艺和安装精度。     

基于衍射理论的Z扫描技术分析与数值模拟

以菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射理论为基础,对通过非线性介质的高斯光束传输行为进行理论分析,分别给出了强吸收、无吸收情况下开孔、闭孔Z扫描曲线公式;对不同条件下非线性介质的归一化透过率进行数值模拟计算,发现Z扫描曲线透射峰和透射谷表现出3种新的特性:随着入射激光峰值光强的增加,Z扫描曲线透射峰的高度受到抑制,而透射谷则加强变得更深;非线性相移的增加对Z扫描曲线透射峰和透射谷均有增高和加深的作用;激光束束腰半径越大,Z扫描曲线的峰谷特征越明显。     

X‐ray‐Raman‐scattering‐based EXAFS beyond the dipole limit

X‐ray Raman scattering (XRS) provides a bulk‐sensitive method of measuring the extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) of soft X‐ray absorption edges. Accurate measurements and data analysis procedures for the determination of XRS‐EXAFS of polycrystalline diamond are described. The contributions of various angular‐momentum components beyond the dipole limit to the atomic background and the EXAFS oscillations are incorporated using self‐consistent real‐space multiple‐scattering calculations. The properly extracted XRS‐EXAFS oscillations are in good agreement with calculations and earlier soft X‐ray EXAFS results. It is shown, however, that under certain conditions multiple‐scattering contributions to XRS‐EXAFS deviate from those in standard EXAFS, leading to noticeable changes in the real‐space signal at higher momentum transfers owing to non‐dipole contributions. These results pave the way for the accurate application of XRS‐EXAFS to previously inaccessible light‐element systems.