血液可见吸收光谱与血氧参数神经网络估算法

总血红蛋白浓度和血氧饱和度是两个基本的血氧参数。文章提出了利用内置双光纤微创探头在位测量大鼠脑组织血氧参数的新方法。首先,利用悬乳液(Intralipid)和全血配置不同总血红蛋白浓度的混合溶液,模拟生物组织模型,用光纤光谱仪测试系统测量组织模型在加氧和去氧时的实时吸收光谱,同时用血氧分析仪(OXI meter)对血氧参数定标,建立测试光谱和定标数据样本集。然后,利用人工神经网络建立血液吸收光谱与血氧参数的神经网络模型,训练后的网络模型能根据吸收光谱输出生物组织的血氧参数值,总血红蛋白浓度和血氧饱和度的平均输出误差分别为±4μmol·L-1和±5%。最后,利用神经网络模型对大鼠脑组织血氧参数进行了在位测试实验,测得脑灰质的血氧饱和度为0.60~0.70,脑白质血氧饱和度为0.45~0.55;总血红蛋白浓度在脑皮层(深度1mm)附近最高,平均110μmol·L-1,其余深度脑组织的总血红蛋白浓度为70~90μmol·L-1。这种方法对脑外科微创手术中实时在位测试脑组织血氧参数具有重要的参考意义。     

基准邻苯二甲酸氢钾标定NaOH标准溶液的不确定度评定

对实验室自配的1 mol/L NaOH标准滴定溶液的浓度进行不确定度评定,建立不确定度评定程序和方法,并依据GB/T601-2002建立数学模型.确定了影响NaOH标准滴定溶液浓度的主要因素,归纳了不确定度的主要来源,建立了用基准试剂标定标准滴定溶液浓度的不确定度评定程序和方法.当NaOH标准滴定溶液浓度为1.0201 mol/L时,扩展不确定度为0.0040 mol/L.该程序和方法适用于同类型实验的不确定度评定.     

Mixed Conduction in BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α Ceramic

BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α ceramic was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The structural characteristics and the phase purity of the crystal were determined using powder X-ray diffraction analysis. By using the methods of AC impedance spectroscopy, gas concentration cell and electrochemical pumping of hydrogen, the conductivity and ionic transport number of BaCe0.8Pr0.2O3-α were measured, and the electrical conduction behavior of the material was investigated in different gases in the temperature range of 500-900 ffiC. The results indicate that the material was of a single perovskite-type orthorhombic phase. From 500 ffiC to 900 ffiC, electronic-hole conduction was dominant in dry and wet oxygen, air or nitrogen, and the total conductivity of the material increased slightly with increasing oxygen partial pressure in the oxygen partial pressure range studied. Ionic conduction was dominant in wet hydrogen, and the total conductivity was about one or two orders of magnitude higher than that in hydrogen-free atmosphere (oxygen, air or nitrogen).     

单分子链胶束的胶束化行为与相关新概念的提出

采用水溶液均聚合方法,制备了阳离子型表面活性单体（2-丙烯酰胺基）乙基十四烷基二甲基溴化铵（AMC14AB）的均聚物,使用荧光探针法、表面张力测定及电导测定法,重点考察了均聚物P（AMC14AB）在水溶液中的胶束化行为与表面吸附现象．在水溶液中,均聚物P（AMC14AB）呈现单分子链胶束的聚集形态,具有零临界胶束浓度（CMC=0）,从开始加入P（AMC14AB）起,水溶液中随即产生单分子链胶束,不存在Krafft温度．P（AMC14AB）在溶液表面也发生表面吸附,使水的表面张力下降,即P（AMC14AB）也具有表面活性;随着浓度增大,表面吸附量增大,水的表面张力持续下降;当表面吸附达到饱和时,表面张力一浓度曲线上出现突变点,该点应该定义为饱和的表面吸附浓度（SSAC）,而不应该再称为临界胶束浓度．P（AMC14AB）单分子链胶束溶液对疏水有机物（甲苯）的增溶情况,明显不同于普通小分子表面活性剂十六烷基二甲基溴化铵（CTAB）的多分子胶束溶液,甲苯增溶量-P（AMC14AB）浓度的关系曲线上无突变点,而且对甲苯的增溶能力高于CTAB的多分子胶束溶液．     

花状Zn-MOF衍生碳@MoS2复合材料制备及吸波性能

采用Zn-MOF(MOF为金属有机骨架)制备纳米多孔碳材料,通过自组装法将多孔碳与花状MoS₂结合,制备出具有规整有序结构的花状Zn-MOF衍生碳@MoS₂复合吸波材料。基于Zn-MOF衍生纳米多孔碳的高孔隙率、大比表面积,MoS₂的花状结构引起的电磁波多次反射和散射,以及MoS₂和Zn-MOF衍生碳之间存在的强极化效应、良好的阻抗匹配和协同作用,Zn-MOF衍生碳@MoS₂在频率为9.28 GHz时的最佳反射损耗达到-49.68 dB,表现出优异的电磁波吸收性能。     

多孔材料分形扩散模型的Fourier-Bessel级数算法及其应用

将Fick扩散定律的Fourier三角级数算法推广成多孔材料分形扩散模型的Fourier-Bessel级数算法,并把它应用于化学工程中吸附问题涉及的浓度分布与相对吸附量的计算中,取得一些规律性认识.由于分形扩散模型是在Fick扩散定律的基础上增加了表征微观结构的参数d_f和θ,研究多孔材料中的浓度分布与相对吸附量时,与Fick扩散定律的研究结果相比,定性上基本一致,在定量上有差别,d_f和θ对扩散传质过程的影响各有侧重,用它们可更好地描述多孔材料中的扩散过程.     

Study of the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of the Lipid Complex of Marine Microalgae Isolated from the Coastal Areas of the Eastern Water Area of the Baltic Sea

The Baltic Sea algae species composition includes marine euryhaline, freshwater euryhaline, and true brackish water forms. This study aimed to isolate a lipid–pigment complex from microalgae of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad region) and investigate its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Microalgae were sampled using a box-shaped bottom sampler. Sequencing was used for identification. Spectroscopy and chromatography with mass spectroscopy were used to study the properties of microalgae. Antibiotic activity was determined by the disc diffusion test. Lipids were extracted using the Folch method. Analysis of the results demonstrated the presence of antimicrobial activity of the lipid–pigment complex of microalgae against E. coli (the zone diameter was 17.0 ± 0.47 mm and 17.0 ± 0.21 mm in Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis, respectively) and Bacillus pumilus (maximum inhibition diameter 16.0 ± 0.27 mm in C. vulgaris and 16.0 ± 0.22 mm in A. platensis). The cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the lipid complexes of microalgae C. vulgaris and A. platensis were established and their physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition were studied. The results demonstrated that the lipid–pigment complex under experimental conditions was the most effective against P. pentosaceus among Gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrobial activity is directly related to the concentration of the lipid–pigment complex. The presence of antibacterial activity in microalgae lipid–pigment complexes opens the door to the development of alternative natural preparations for the prevention of microbial contamination of feed. Because of their biological activity, Baltic Sea microalgae can be used as an alternative to banned antibiotics in a variety of fields, including agriculture, medicine, cosmetology, and food preservation.     

航空导管弯曲试验的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命

飞行器液压导管受接头和卡箍等约束,在使用的振动环境中,会因弯曲应力而导致破裂,影响到飞行安全.本文对飞行器液压系统通用的不锈钢导管的裂纹萌生寿命进行了试验研究.首先在对8 mm、12 mm无缺陷导管和含U型缺口8 mm导管的疲劳试验和有限元分析的基础上,得到了导管的最大拉应变-裂纹萌生寿命数据.然后采用基于强度极限和弹性模量估算法的Manson-Coffin公式来预测导管裂纹萌生寿命.最后引入加载类型修正系数、表面质量修正系数、试样尺寸修正系数、应力集中敏感系数和有效应力集中系数,使修正后的公式对三种类型的导管均有较好的裂纹萌生寿命预测精度.