Si基Si3N4/SiO2双层膜驻极体的电荷储存与输运

利用等温表面电位衰减及热刺激放电(thermally stimulated discharge,TSD)方法探讨了恒栅压电晕充电经常压化学气相沉积(APCVD)的Si基Si3N4和热生长SiO₂双层薄膜驻极体电荷的存储特性.结果表明:在常温环境中,300℃高温下,以及95%相对湿度时的60℃条件下,所有试样表现出极好的电荷储存稳定性.对于负电晕充电试样,其电荷输运受慢再捕获效应(slow retrapping effect)控制;用热离子发射模型来描述了正电晕充电Si₃N₄/SiO₂驻极体的正电荷输运特性. 关键词： 驻极体 薄膜 电荷储存 热离子发射     

多孔聚四氟乙烯/氟代乙烯丙烯共聚物复合驻极体材料的压电效应研究

采用高温熔融和电晕充电方法制备了由聚四氟乙烯/氟代乙烯丙烯共聚物复合而成的空间电荷驻极体压电膜.借助准静态压电系数测量，研究了制备工艺对复合膜压电活性的影响.根据Kacprzyk等提出的复合驻极体膜的压电模型，结合等温表面电位衰减和压电系数衰减测量结果，讨论了驻极体复合膜系统中的压电性产生机制.结果表明，压电效应的大小不仅取决于俘获在材料中的电荷密度的大小，还与被俘获电荷在材料中的存在形式和分布有关. 关键词： 空间电荷驻极体 压电效应 聚合物复合膜     

Recent Advanced Applications of Ionic Liquid for Future Iontronics

Recently, electronic devices that make use of a state called the electric double layers (EDL) of ion have opened up a wide range of research opportunities, from novel physical phenomena in solid-state materials to next-generation low-power consumption devices. They are considered to be the future iontronics devices. EDLs behave as nanogap capacitors, resulting the high density of charge carriers is induced at semiconductor/electrolyte by applying only a few volts of the bias voltage. This enables the low-power operation of electronic devices as well as new functional devices. Furthermore, by controlling the motion of ions, ions can be used as semi-permanent charge to form electrets. In this article, we are going to introduce the recent advanced application of iontronics devices as well as energy harvesters making use of ion-based electrets, leading to the future iontronics research.     

Energy harvesting using hybridization of dielectric nanocomposites and electrets

Electrostrictive polymers have been investigated as electroactive materials for electromechanical energy harvesting. This kind of material is isotope, i.e. there is no permanent polarization compared with piezoelectric material, so in order to ensure its polarization and scavenging energy, the electrostrictive polymers need necessarily an application of a static field. To avoid this problem, we used the hybridization of electrostrictive polymer with electret. The present work aims an analytical modeling for predicting the power convert when the material was mechanically excited. The study was carried out on polyurethane and terpolymer [P(VDF–TrFE–CFE)] films, either without filler or filled with carbon nanopowder. Experimental measurements of the harvested power showed a good agreement with the theoretical behavior predicted by the proposed model. It was also shown that the incorporation of nanofillers increased the power harvested from 5.22 · 10^?2 to 1.498 · 10^?1 μW cm^?3 and from 6.87 · 10^?1 to 1.76 μW cm^?3 in polyurethane and in the terpolymer, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

从化学视角浅谈医用口罩的重复利用

This paper briefly introduced the classification of disposal face masks, and the composition and structure of key protective layer, in addition to its protection principle. The feasibility of reuse and disinfection of the disposable face masks with several common medical methods is discussed based on the physical structure and chemical composition of meltblown, the main protective layer, in addition to biochemical characteristics of new coronavirus.     

声速测量装置的改进

采用低频数字信号源推动小型扬声器做声源,用静电式驻极体传感器做拾音器,对传统的声速测量装置进行了改进.改进后的装置不仅能测量不同频率的声速,而且又降低了成本.本文详细介绍了电路的组成及测量结果.     

用PET薄膜覆盖金属丝网电极实现大气压空气中均匀放电

将325^#不锈钢丝网电极和0.1 mm厚的PET薄膜紧贴在一起,平整地固定在Rogowski电极基座上,用50 Hz工频电压源及并联稳压电容,在大气压下2 mm空气间隙中实现了均匀放电.实验表明：将放电电流和电荷量波形作为判断放电均匀性的依据并不是完全可靠的,它只能判断放电在时间上的一致性,而不足以判断放电在空间上的均匀性.只有拍摄曝光时间不大于100ns的放电图像,才能可靠地判断放电的均匀性.在金属丝网电极覆盖PET薄膜的大气压气体放电实验中,这种放电图像被拍摄到,并说明大气压空气中的均匀放电只是汤森放电,而非辉光放电. 关键词： 大气压辉光放电 金属丝网电极 驻极体 高速摄影     

正充电聚四氟乙烯薄膜驻极体的电荷储存及其动态特性

研究了栅控恒压正电晕充电的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）薄膜驻极体的电荷储存与 输运特性.结果显示在100℃以下的较低温区和高于150℃，尤其是高于180℃的较高 温区内慢再俘获效应控制着脱阱电荷的输运；而在约100—150℃的温区内快再俘获效应占主导地位.初始表面电位的增加将导致电荷密度衰减加剧，通过合理控制充电参数和组合 热处理工艺，可使同样储存有足够高的电荷密度的正负充电的PTFE薄膜驻极体既显示出相近 的电荷储存寿命，又具有突出的电荷稳定性. 关键词： 聚四氟乙烯 正充电驻极体 交越现象 电荷稳定性 电荷 输运     

分子偶极聚合物驻极体的红外和可见光谱研究

本文利用红外和可见吸收光谱研究了具有二阶非线性光学活性的分子偶极聚合物驻极体材料中偶极子的取向稳定性与分子结构之间的关系，讨论了制备时所用的溶剂对材料微结构的影响。结果表明该材料在玻璃态温度下极化时，引起生色团分子偶极矩沿电场方向取抽，是建立在生色团分子共轭л体系被破坏的基础上，这是一种亚稳态。偶氮类分子的顺-反结构在光、热的作用下极易发生转变，是引起常温下生色团分子有序取向结构松驰的主要原因。制备时所用的溶剂将影响生色团分子在聚合物基底中的存在形式，进而影响分子偶极聚合物驻极体的稳定性。     

P (VDF-TFE-HFP)/PTFE双层驻极体膜的压电性

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