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991.
Xiangjiu HeJiankuan Li Hao GaoFeng Qiu Ke HuXiangmin Cui Xinsheng Yao 《Tetrahedron》2003,59(34):6603-6607
Four new sulfonate metabolites of andrographolide, 14-deoxy-12(R)-sulfo andrographolide (Metabolite 1), 14-deoxy-12(S)-sulfo andrographolide (Metabolite 2), 14-deoxy-12(R)-sulfo-9(S)-andrographolide (Metabolite 3) and 14-sulfo isoandrographolide (Metabolite 4), were isolated from urine and feces in rats. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic analyses. These four metabolites were formed through a rare metabolic reaction and were all new compounds. 相似文献
992.
We present the implementation into the MOLPRO package of a model for the interaction of a central system with its surrounding environment. The properties of a target system enclosed by a noncovalently bound environment or solvent are modeled as those of a system embedded into the effective pseudopotential arising from the exact electrostatic Coulomb potential and the approximated exchange-repulsion potential. For the latter we use the charge-density overlap model, which relates the exchange-repulsion interaction energy between two species with the overlap of their ground-state electron charge densities. The solutions of the modified Hartree-Fock equations for the target system are obtained self-consistently. This way the exchange-induction effects arising from the converged electron-charge density of the embedded system are implicitly included. Inclusion of the correlation effects is provided by the use of post-Hartree-Fock and density-functional techniques available in the MOLPRO package. The computational and conceptual advantages provided by this approach are shown in the calculation of the dipole polarizabilities of halide and chalcogenide anions in different environments. 相似文献
993.
Marciniec B. Kozak M. Wachowski L. Ogrodowczyk M. 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2003,73(2):473-485
The effect of ionising radiation (15-100 kGy) on the physico-chemical properties of 6 steroid derivatives in solid state (Hydrocortisone,
Hydrocortisone acetate, Prednisolone, Prednisolone acetate, Dexamethasone and Fludrocortisone acetate) was studied by differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV spectrophotometry,
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), X-ray powder diffraction and polarimetry. DSC and DTA results revealed that
the irradiated compounds undergo phase transitions at lower temperatures, show lower melting points and lower enthalpy of
the melting process their non-irradiated analogues. The results of HPLC measurements proved a loss in the active substance
content after irradiation ranging from 0.5 to 2.88%. No significant effect of irradiation was detected by the UV spectrophotometry
or polarimetry in the course of the UV spectrum, absorbancy or optical rotation, as well as in the SEM photographs and X-ray
patterns. For some compounds studied a correlation was found between the irradiation dose and the shifts in DSC curves and
the loss of content determined by the HPLC method. Similar, but not so much pronounced relations were established in or earlier
studies of the derivatives of nitroimidazole and 1,4-dihydropyridine. In general the results have shown relatively high radiochemical
stability of the compounds studied and have proved that the DSC method is a sensitive detector of irradiation-caused changes
in drugs in solid phase.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
994.
L. Raymond J.-M. Laugier S. Schäfer G. Albinet 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,31(3):355-364
Binary disordered systems are usually obtained by mixing two ingredients in variable proportions: conductor and insulator,
or conductor and super-conductor. They present very specific properties, in particular the second-order percolation phase
transition, with its fractal geometry and the multi-fractal properties of the current moments. These systems are naturally
modeled by regular bi-dimensional or tri-dimensional lattices, on which sites or bonds are chosen randomly with given probabilities.
The two significant parameters are the ratio h = σ
1/σ of the complex conductances, σ and σ
1, of the two components, and their relative abundances p (or, respectively, 1 - p). In this article, we calculate the impedance of the composite by two independent methods: the so-called spectral method,
which diagonalises Kirchhoff's Laws via a Green function formalism, and the Exact Numerical Renormalization method (ENR). These methods are applied to mixtures of
resistors and capacitors (R-C systems), simulating e.g. ionic conductor-insulator systems, and to composites constituted of resistive inductances and capacitors (LR-C systems),
representing metal inclusions in a dielectric bulk. The frequency dependent impedances of the latter composites present very
intricate structures in the vicinity of the percolation threshold. In this paper, we analyse the LR-C behavior of compounds
formed by the inclusion of small conducting clusters (“n-legged animals”) in a dielectric medium. We investigate in particular their absorption spectra who present a pattern of sharp
lines at very specific frequencies of the incident electromagnetic field, the goal being to identify the signature of each
animal. This enables us to make suggestions of how to build compounds with specific absorption or transmission properties
in a given frequency domain.
Received 16 August 2002 Published online 14 February 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: laurent.raymond@l2mp.fr
RID="b"
ID="b"e-mail: steffen.schaefer@l2mp.fr
RID="c"
ID="c"UMR CNRS 6137 相似文献
995.
The $-game 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Vitting Andersen D. Sornette 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,31(1):141-145
We propose a payoff function extending Minority Games (MG) that captures the competition between agents to make money. In
contrast with previous MG, the best strategies are not always targeting the minority but are shifting opportunistically between
the minority and the majority. The emergent properties of the price dynamics and of the wealth of agents are strikingly different
from those found in MG. As the memory of agents is increased, we find a phase transition between a self-sustained speculative
phase in which a “stubborn majority” of agents effectively collaborate to arbitrage a market-maker for their mutual benefit
and a phase where the market-maker always arbitrages the agents. A subset of agents exhibit a sustained non-equilibrium risk-return
profile.
Received 5 June 2002 / Received in final form 21 November 2002 Published online 27 January 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: sornette@unice.fr
RID="b"
ID="b"CNRS UMR7536
RID="c"
ID="c"CNRS UMR6622 相似文献
996.
H. Fehske A.P. Kampf M. Sekania G. Wellein 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,31(1):11-16
In order to clarify the physics of the crossover from a Peierls band insulator to a correlated Mott-Hubbard insulator, we
analyze ground-state and spectral properties of the one-dimensional half-filled Holstein-Hubbard model using quasi-exact numerical
techniques. In the adiabatic limit the transition is connected to the band to Mott insulator transition of the ionic Hubbard
model. Depending on the strengths of the electron-phonon coupling and the Hubbard interaction the transition is either first
order or evolves continuously across a narrow intermediate phase with finite spin, charge, and optical excitation gaps.
Received 7 July 2002 / Received in final form 21 October 2002 Published online 27 January 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: holger.fehske@physik.uni-greifswald.de 相似文献
997.
A.A. Zvyagin 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,32(3):351-360
The behavior of charge and spin persistent currents in an integrable lattice ring of strongly correlated electrons with a
magnetic impurity is exactly studied. Our results manifest that the oscillations of charge and spin persistent currents are
similar to the ones, earlier obtained for integrable continuum models with a magnetic impurity. The difference is due to two
(instead of one) Fermi velocities of low-lying excitations. The form of oscillations in the ground state is “saw-tooth”-like,
generic for any multi-particle coherent one-dimensional models. The integrable magnetic impurity introduces net charge and
spin chiralities in the generic integrable lattice system, which determine the initial phase shifts of charge and spin persistent
currents. We show that the magnitude of the charge persistent current in the generic Kondo situation does not depend on the
parameters of the magnetic impurity, unlike the (magneto)resistivity of transport currents.
Received 30 January 2003 / Received in final form 12 March 2003 Published online 11 April 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: zvyagin@fy.chalmers.se 相似文献
998.
L. Sangaletti S. Pagliara F. Parmigiani P. Galinetto R. Larciprete S. Lizzit A. Goldoni 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2003,31(2):203-208
Raman spectra of single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) either in the form of micrometer sized bundles or thin layers prepared
by dilution and sonication of powders have been compared. We have been able to collect the Raman spectrum of nanotube bundles
that are not in touch with the substrate, and therefore not affected by interactions with the substrate surface. This spectrum
resulted to be similar to that of the precursor nanotube powders, whereas relevant changes in the Raman spectrum are detected
when the diluted powders form very thin layers on either metallic or insulating surfaces, as probed by confocal microraman
imaging on well defined areas of the CNTs layers. In the case of thin layers, the intensity of the Raman D band, detected
between 1 320 and 1 340 cm-1 and ascribed to disorder effects, is strongly enhanced. This enhancement occurs independently on the kind of substrate.
Received 2 September 2002 Published online 4 February 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: sangalet@dmf.bs.unicatt.it 相似文献
999.
T.?KunertEmail author R.?Schmidt 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2003,25(1):15-24
In Rydberg atoms subject to static and harmonic collinear electric fields, intrashell transition can be induced by the first
order perturbation from a small perpendicular electric or magnetic field, or by effects of the second order in the major fields.
Both mechanisms lead to resonances that are suppressed under certain conditions, and high-frequency interference oscillations
in case of non-adiabatic field switching. Recent measurements of microwave ionization signals show very rich and fascinating
structures similar to the ones predicted for intrashell mixing. We show that the observed ionization structures may be explained
by diabatic electric-field ionization and the consistent use of perturbation theory for intrashell mixing. In particular,
the dominant oscillation frequency is successfully interpreted in terms of interference between first and second order transition
amplitudes. New predictions are provided. The present approach gives a comprehensive picture of intrashell transitions, which
may be tested in future experiments designed to observe such transitions directly.
Received 2 May 2002 / Received in final form 23 September 2002 Published online 21 January 2003
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: Valentin.Ostrovsky@pobox.spbu.ru
RID="b"
ID="b"e-mail: horsdal@ifa.au.dk 相似文献
1000.
G. B. Parravicini A. Stella M. C. Ungureanu P. G. Merli A. Migliori P. Cheyssac R. Kofman 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2003,24(1-3):219-222
Both theoretical and experimental works give evidence that
gallium exhibits solid phases labelled , , , besides the
stable phase strongly dependent both on the size and the
confinement conditions. An experimental technique was used based
on capacitance and conductance measurements
vs. temperature in the
audiofrequency range. This technique is particularly sensitive
to the conditions of the investigated particle surface that
plays a fundamental role in the melting and more generally in
the phase transition processes. In particular the strict
relation between the derivative of the capacitance with respect
to the temperature, dC/dT, and the entropy of the system is
considered. In gallium nanoparticles 20 nm in radius, only the
phase is shown to occur. Further the transition to liquid phase
was detected. The melting process was found to start about 65 K
below the full melting temperature value. In the case of
particles 10 nm in radius, where different metastable phases may
occur, the capacitance vs.
temperature curve was found to display abrupt changes of the
slope. The singularities are associated to a well defined
transition temperature. 相似文献