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991.
To analyse the ionization and acceleration properties of an inductive plasma excited by a pulsed current flowing through the planar coil, the extended GLM formulations of the MHD (EGLM‐MHD) model, combined with the high‐temperature thermodynamic and transport model, is employed to simulate the characteristics of the flow. The two‐dimensional axisymmetric calculation captures the generation, growth, and acceleration of the current sheet, and the process is completed in the first half period. The sheet is mainly comprised of lower ionization level ions in the front and higher level ions at the back, and the density is one order higher than that of the residual plasma on the coil surface. As the abscissa value of the sheet is larger than the decoupling distance, a reversed flow emerges, generating a backward impulse, and the negative velocity can be more than 15 km/s at peak intensity B0 = 0.5 T. In the second 1/4 period, the magnetic field and current density distribute non‐linearly on the surface and regularly in the sheet, caused by the reversing of the changing rate of the magnetic field and the particles' radial diffusion. The results at different intensities show that, for the same coil size, the time at which the maximum velocity Vmax appears is advanced as the intensity increases, and Vmax can be greater than 20 km/s above 0.5 T. 相似文献
992.
The transverse magnetic field (TMF) drives the vacuum arc to move along the surface of the contacts to prevent the local overheating and melting of the contact surfaces. The arcing process has great influence on the breaking capacity of short‐circuit current. In this paper, the arcing process between three types of TMF contacts was investigated. The transition process of an arc from the ignition stage to the diffusion stage was discussed. The transition moment, transition gap distance, and transition current were obtained. It was found that the axial magnetic field component of TMF contacts affected the arc transition process. 相似文献
993.
理论研究了在蝴蝶型纳米结构下运用多周期极化门方案驱动He原子输出高次谐波以及阿秒脉冲的特点.结果表明,由于纳米结构表面的等离子共振增强现象,谐波截止能量得到延伸.同时,由于激光场呈现空间非均匀性,长量子路径对谐波的贡献被减弱.并且,在极化门控制下,谐波平台区的贡献只来源于单一的谐波辐射能量峰,进而形成一个147 eV的超长平台区.最后,通过叠加平台区的谐波,可获得一个持续时间在30 as的超短脉冲. 相似文献
994.
为了从物质微观结构上了解氧化锌避雷器阀片的性能,采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法对ZnO(002)/β-Bi_2O_3(210)界面结构进行弛豫和电子结构计算.结果表明弛豫后,原子间的键长发生改变.界面区域差分电荷密度图和原子布居分析可得ZnO层片中Zn原子电荷缺失,β-Bi_2O_3层片中O原子电荷富集,ZnO层片向β-Bi_2O_3层片转移电子电荷23.61e.晶界结构的内建电场由ZnO层片指向β-Bi_2O_3层片,内建电场是ZnO电阻阀片具有非线性伏安特性的重要原因.界面附近态密度表明界面的结合主要依靠ZnO层片中Zn原子与β-Bi_2O_3层片中O原子相互作用.计算显示ZnO(002)/β-Bi_2O_3(210)界面结合较强,界面能约为-4.203 J/m~2.本文研究结果对于研制高性能非线性伏安特性氧化锌电阻片提供了机理解释和理论支持. 相似文献
995.
随着全球资源的减少和环境的恶化,节能减排已成为人们关注的焦点,具有保温隔热功能的低辐射玻璃成为研究的热点。提高玻璃保温隔热性能最有效的方法就是在其表面涂覆低辐射率层。原材料丰富、导电性能好、可见光透过率高等优势使得Al掺杂ZnO (AZO)薄膜成为最具潜力的低辐射率层。系统研究了温度对AZO薄膜红外辐射性能的影响,分析了变化机理。首先研究了在一定的温度下持续一段时间后,AZO薄膜的红外比辐射率的变化情况。然后研究了在变温环境中红外比辐射率的变化情况。采用直流磁控溅射法在室温下玻璃基片上沉积500 nm厚的AZO薄膜,将薄膜放到马弗炉中进行热处理,在100~400 ℃空气气氛下保温1 h,随炉冷却。采用X射线衍射仪对AZO薄膜进行物相分析,采用扫描电子显微镜观察薄膜表面形貌变化。利用四探针测试法测量AZO薄膜的电阻率,采用红外比辐射率测试仪测试薄膜红外比辐射率, 可见分光光度计测量可见光谱。测试的结果表明,薄膜热处理前后均为六角纤锌矿结构,(002)择优取向。300 ℃及以下热处理1 h后,(002)衍射峰增强,半高宽变窄,晶粒尺寸长大。随着热处理温度的升高,薄膜的电阻率先减小后增大,200 ℃热处理后的薄膜具有最小的电阻率(0.9×10-3 Ω·cm)。热处理温度升高,晶粒长大使得薄膜电阻率降低。热处理温度过高,薄膜会从空气中吸收氧,电阻率下降。薄膜的红外比辐射率变化趋势和电阻率的一致,在200 ℃热处理后获得最小值(0.48)。自由电子对红外光子有较强的反射作用,当电阻率低,自由电子浓度高的时候,更多的红外光子被反射,红外辐射作用弱,红外比辐射率小。薄膜的可见光透过率随着热处理温度的升高先减小后增大,200 ℃热处理后的薄膜的可见光透过率最小,但仍高达82%。这种变化是由于自由电子浓度变化引起的,自由电子对可见光有很强的反射作用。选取未热处理和200 ℃热处理后的样品进行变温红外比辐射率的测量,将样品放在可加热的样品台上,位置固定,在室温到350 ℃的升温和降温过程中每隔25 ℃测量一次红外比辐射率,结果表明,在室温到350 ℃的温度范围内,AZO薄膜的红外比辐射率在升温过程中随着温度的上升而增大,在降温过程中减小,经过整个升、降温过程后,薄膜的红外比辐射率增大。 相似文献
996.
Adarsh B. Vasista Shailendra K. Chaubey David J. Gosztola Gary P. Wiederrecht Stephen K. Gray G. V. Pavan Kumar 《Advanced Optical Materials》2019,7(15)
Herein experimental evidence of directional surface enhanced Raman scattering from molecules situated inside a single nanowire–nanoparticle junction cavity is reported. The emission is confined to a narrow range of wavevectors perpendicular to the axis of the cavity. In addition to this, the molecules excite multiple guided modes of the nanowire which are imaged using leakage radiation Fourier microscopy. The emission wavevectors are further characterized as a function of output polarization. The excited guided modes of the wire show interesting polarization signatures. All the results are corroborated using finite element method based numerical simulations. Essentially, an important connection between gap‐cavity enhanced Raman scattering and its directionality of emission is provided. The results may be of relevance in understanding the cavity electrodynamics at the nanoscale and molecular coupling to extremely small gaps between a 1D and a 0D plasmonic nanostructure. 相似文献
997.
Significant effort has been made in the exploration of novel lanthanide‐activated phosphors with multicolor emission over the last decade, especially highly efficient and emission tunable phosphor systems, to optimize the performance of white light‐emitting diodes with regard to their positive impact on energy efficiency, their correlated color temperature, and their color rendering index. Therefore, a research focus in recent years has been the modification and tailoring of the photoluminescence of phosphors, enabling the acquisition of new phosphors with tunable emission colors. This review aims to highlight the prevailing strategies used for tuning the photoluminescence of lanthanide‐activated phosphors. Remarkable examples of newly designed emission‐tunable phosphor materials based on these prevailing strategies are introduced in this review. A comprehensive understanding of these strategies can provide an extensive guide for the discovery and fabrication of highly efficient phosphors with tunable emission colors in the future. 相似文献
998.
Liangliang Zhang Dandan Wang Zhendong Hao Xia Zhang Guo‐hui Pan Huajun Wu Jiahua Zhang 《Advanced Optical Materials》2019,7(12)
Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted light emitting diode (pc‐LED) is demanded for wearable biosensing devices, but it suffers from low efficiency and low radiance. This study reports a broadband NIR Ca3‐xLuxHf2Al2+xSi1−xO12:Cr3+ garnet phosphor with emission intensity enhanced by 81.5 times. Chemical unit co‐substitution of [Lu3+−Al3+] for [Ca2+−Si4+] is responsible for the luminescence enhancement and further alters the crystal structure and electronic properties of the garnet. Using the optimized phosphor, a NIR pc‐LED with photoelectric efficiencies of 21.28%@10 mA, 15.75%@100 mA and NIR output powers of 46.09 mW@100 mA, 54.29 mW@130 mA is fabricated. The high power NIR light is observed to penetrate upper arms (≈8 cm). For application in NIR spectroscopy, the NIR pc‐LED is used as light source to measure transmission spectra of water, alcohol, and bovine hemoglobin solution. These results indicate the NIR garnet phosphor to be a promising candidate for NIR pc‐LED. 相似文献
999.
Guoyun Meng Xing Chen Xiang Wang Nan Wang Tai Peng Suning Wang 《Advanced Optical Materials》2019,7(11)
Three isomeric boron‐containing thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters, namely m‐AC‐DBNA, p‐AC‐DBNA, and m′‐AC‐DBNA, are constructed by incorporating an electron‐donor acridine (AC) moiety into meta‐, para‐, or meta′‐positions of an electron‐accepting boron‐embedded rigid framework. The substitutional positions are found to dramatically affect thermal, photophysical, and electroluminescent (EL) properties. The experimental results show that the para‐substituted compound (p‐AC‐DBNA) exhibits higher decomposition temperature, higher photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiencies, smaller singlet–triplet energy splitting, shorter delayed fluorescence lifetimes as well as a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate of over 106 s−1, compared to the meta‐isomers (m‐AC‐DBNA and m′‐AC‐DBNA). Bright and highly efficient organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) up to 20.5% and 14.1% are achieved by employing p‐AC‐DBNA as doped and nondoped emitters in sky‐blue OLEDs, respectively. Moreover, excellent doping‐concentration independent EL properties and very low efficiency roll‐off at a high luminance are achieved. This isomeric strategy provides a simple method to extend structural diversity of highly efficient TADF emitters, optimize optoelectronic properties, and demonstrate the relationship of delayed fluorescence lifetime and efficiency roll‐off of the TADF devices. The three isomers also display distinct temperature‐dependent emission and mechanochromism. 相似文献
1000.
Henry A. Fernandez Freddie Withers Saverio Russo William L. Barnes 《Advanced Optical Materials》2019,7(18)
This study demonstrates control over light–matter coupling at room temperature combining a field effect transistor (FET) with a tuneable optical microcavity. This microcavity FET comprises a monolayer tungsten disulfide, WS2, semiconductor which is transferred onto a hexagonal boron nitride flake that acts as a dielectric spacer in the microcavity, and as an electric insulator in the FET. In this tuneable system, strong coupling between excitons in the monolayer WS2 and cavity photons can be tuned by controlling the cavity length, which is achieved with excellent stability, allowing to choose from the second to the fifth order of the cavity modes. Once the strong coupling regime is achieved, the oscillator strength of excitons is then modified in the semiconductor material by modifying the free electron carrier density in the conduction band of the WS2. This enables strong Coulomb repulsion between free electrons, which reduces the oscillator strength of excitons until the Rabi splitting completely disappears. The charge carrier density is controlled from 0 up to 3.2 × 1012 cm−2, and over this range the Rabi splitting varies from a maximum value that depends on the cavity mode chosen, down to zero, so the system spans the strong to weak coupling regimes. 相似文献