Natural emergence

Emergence is analyzed by the principle of least action. The supreme law of nature describes diverse systems as actions that evolve from one state to another by consuming free energy in least time. As the system will either gain or lose quanta at the step of evolution, the systemic characteristics after the change of state cannot be reduced to those before the change. The change will invariably entail also a change in inter‐actions, which are flows of energy on paths that integrate ingredient systems to a synergistic system. New qualities will emerge along with opening interactions just as old ones will disappear along with ceasing interactions. The analysis of emergence as a natural process reveals that its irreducible and unpredictable nature does not result from complexity as such but because the natural process itself is molding the surroundings where it is evolving. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2012     

Analysis of the H-Plane T-Junction Millimeter Wave Waveguide Circulator with a Ferrite Sphere

This paper presents an approximate but efficient field treatment of the new easy-to-fabricate ferrite sphere based H-plane waveguide circulator for potentially low-cost millimeter wave communication systems. A new three-dimension modeling strategy using a self-inconsistent mixed coordinates based mode matching technique is developed, i.e. the solutions of the Helmholz wave equations in the ferrite sphere and in the surrounding areas are deduced in the form of infinite summation of spherical, cylindrical and general Cartesian modes respectively. The point matching method is then used on the interface to numerically obtain the coefficients of different orders basis functions of the field. Therefore, the field distributions as well as the characteristics of the circulator are numerically calculated and the good agreement is observed between the numerical results and the measured data.     

用耦合波理论求解渐变折射率光纤的传播常数和模式场

本文应用耦合波理论来计算任意渐变折射李光纤的传播常数和模场分布.将无限伸展的抛物型折射率分布光纤作为一个理想波导,任意径向不均匀折射率分布光纤便可以视作该理想波导的微扰,其模场可以展开成一组完备的理想波导模的叠加.然后,模场和传播常数可以通过耦合波方程求得.进一步将一阶微分方程组形式的耦合波方程变换成线性方程组,使计算过程大大简化.文中给出了数值计算结果,并将其与准确值进行了比较.     

Pole-Location-Based Estimates of Eigenmode Characteristics of Cylindrical Corrugated Structures

The paper presents an approach to estimate the range of location of the first natural frequencies of corrugated structures. It needs the knowledge of the solution of simple equations instead of the more complicated characteristic equation for the corrugated structure. Inverted and noninverted magnetron cavities are considered as examples. It is shown that not only the location of the frequencies but also the general properties of the eigenmode fields can be predicted based on an analysis of geometrical properties of the simplified characteristic equation of the structure which is carried out in terms of zeros and poles of the rigorous characteristic equation.     

Eigenmodes evolution due to changing the shape of the waveguide cross-section

The problem of eigenmodes in a hollow waveguide with an arbitrary shape of cross-section is considered. To calculate this problem rigorously, the formalism of Fredholm integral equations of the second kind is developed. Basing on it, phenomena of field mode structure evolution in a system of initially circular waveguides are analysed.