Predictions of γ(4S)→h_b(1P,2P)π^+π^- transitions

We study the contributions of intermediate bottomonium-like Zb states and the bottom meson loops in the heavy quark spin flip transitionsγ(4 S)→hb(1 P,2 P)π+π-.Depending on the constructive or destructive interferences between the Zb-exchange and the bottom meson loops mechanisms,we predict two possible branching ratios for each process:BRγ(4 S)→hb(1 P)π+π-≈(1.20.40.8×10^-6)or(0.5-0.20.5×10^-6),and BRγ(4 S)→(2 P)π+π-≈(7.1-1.1+1.7×10^-10)or(2.4-0.10.2×10^-10)).The contribution of the bottom meson loops is found to be considerably larger than that of the Zbexchange in the T(4 S)→hb(1 P)ππtransitions,while its decay rates are not comparable to those of heavy quark spin conservedγ(4 S)→γ(1 S,2 S)ππprocesses.We also predict the contribution of the charm meson loops in the branch fractions ofΨ(3 S,4 S)→hc(1 P)ππ.     

Mode Localization Induced by a Nonlinear Control Loop

We present the analysis of a nonlinear controlsystem that is used to excite and maintain a specified amplitude ofoscillation in the Jet Propulsion Laboratory vibratory gyroscope.This experimental application shows that nonlinear localizationthrough active means can be implemented in a practical system when itis desirable to confine the response to a favorable mode. Theclosed-loop system response predicted by the model shows very closeagreement with the experimental results for a significant range ofcontroller parameters. We also experimentally demonstrate that theactively localized motion is eliminated through bifurcation, similarto what was observed in previous passive localization studies appliedto extended flexible oscillators.     

乙肝解毒胶囊中5种有效成分的胶束电动色谱-质谱联用法测定

建立了胶束电动色谱-电喷雾电离质谱联用法同时测定乙肝解毒胶囊中的小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱、黄芩苷、大黄素5种药效成分含量的分析方法。使用未涂层石英毛细管,以30 mmol/L月桂酸-70mmol/L氨水溶液(含20%乙腈,pH10.0)为缓冲液、70%异丙醇(含3 mmol/L乙酸)为鞘液。结果表明,在18 min内各组分达到基线分离,小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱、黄芩苷、大黄素的线性范围分别为0.02~20、0.05~15、0.05~10、2.0~500、0.02~15 mg/L,检出限分别为0.007、0.02、0.02、0.60、0.006 mg/L。样品的加标回收率为95%~104%,相对标准偏差均小于3.9%。方法简便、快速、灵敏,已成功用于乙肝解毒胶囊中小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱、黄芩苷、大黄素含量的同时测定。     

Effective elastic moduli of an inhomogeneous medium with cracks

In the present paper, the effective elastic moduli of an inhomogeneous medium with cracks are derived and obtained by taking into account its microstructural properties which involve the shape, size and distribution of cracks and the interaction between cracks. Numerical results for the periodic microstructure of different dimensions are presented. From the results obtained, it can be found that the distribution of cracks has a significant effect on the effective elastic moduli of the material. The project supported by the National Education Committee for Doctor     

建立P-S-N曲线的双加权最小二乘法

为充分利用成组疲劳试验数据和疲劳强度试验数据,获得较高精度的P-S-N曲线,提出了一种建立P-S-N曲线的双加权最小二乘法。该方法充分考虑了疲劳试验方法、疲劳试验数据分散性和试件样本容量对P-S-N曲线建立的影响,构建了不同来源误差的分配模型。它首先利用疲劳试验的最小样本容量判据处理成组试验数据,导出试验数据分布p分位点的置信区间长度,并进行第一次加权拟合。再结合疲劳强度试验数据,进行第二次加权拟合,推导出了任意可靠度下的P-S-N曲线。作者对17组金属材料和PMMA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)材料进行了统计分析以验证所建立的P-S-N曲线的拟合能力、合理性和预测精度,结果表明建立的P-S-N曲线具有较高的精度和可信度。     

SURFACE STRESS EFFECT IN MECHANICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

This review article summarizes the advances in the surface stress effect in mechanics of nanostructured elements,including nanoparticles,nanowires,nanobeams,and nanofilms,and heterogeneous materials containing nanoscale inhomogeneities.It begins with the fundamental formulations of surface mechanics of solids,including the definition of surface stress as a surface excess quantity,the surface constitutive relations,and the surface equilibrium equations.Then,it depicts some theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanical properties of nanostructured elements,as well as the static and dynamic behaviour of cantilever sensors caused by the surface stress which is influenced by adsorption.Afterwards,the article gives a summary of the analytical elasto-static and dynamic solutions of a single as well as multiple inhomogeneities embedded in a matrix with the interface stress prevailing.The effect of surface elasticity on the diffraction of elastic waves is elucidated.Due to the difficulties in the analytical solution of inhomogeneities of complex shapes and configurations,finite element approaches have been developed for heterogeneous materials with the surface stress.Surface stress and surface energy are inherently related to crack propagation and the stress field in the vicinity of crack tips.The solutions of crack problems taking into account surface stress effects are also included.Predicting the effective elastic and plastic responses of heterogeneous materials while taking into account surface and interface stresses has received much attention.The advances in this topic are inevitably delineated.Mechanics of rough surfaces appears to deserve special attention due to its theoretical and practical implications.Some most recent work is reviewed.Finally,some challenges are pointed out.They include the characterization of surfaces and interfaces of real nanomaterials,experimental measurements and verification of mechanical parameters of complex surfaces,and the effects of the physical and chemical processes on the surface properties,etc.     

Saprophytic Bacillus Accelerates the Release of Effective Components in Agarwood by Degrading Cellulose

The value of Agarwood increases with time due to the gradual release of its major components, but the mechanism behind this remains unclear. Herein we reveal that the potential driving force of this process is the degradation of cellulose in Agarwood by its saprophytic Bacillus subtilis. We selected 10-year-old Agarwood from different places and then isolated the saprophytic bacteria. We confirmed these bacteria from different sources are all Bacillus and confirmed they can degrade cellulose, and the highest cellulase activity reached 0.22 U/mL. By co-cultivation of the bacterium and Agarwood powder, we found that three of the strains could release the effective components of Agarwood, while they had little effect in increasing the same components in living Aquilaria sinensis. Finally, we demonstrated that these saprophytic Bacillus subtilis have similar effects on Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim and Dalbergiaod orifera T. Chen, but not on Illicium verum Hook. f, Cinnamomum cassia Presl and Phellodendron chinense Schneid. In conclusion, our experiment revealed that the saprophytic Bacillus release the effective components of Agarwood by degrading cellulose, and we provide a promising way to accelerate this process by using this bacterial agent.