不饱和脂肪酸标准物质研制之商榷

探讨了不饱和脂肪酸标准物质的制备,分析定值。     

Deeper Insight into the Volatile Profile of Rosa willmottiae with Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC–MS Analysis

As the distribution center of Rosa in the world, China has abundant wild germplasm resources, which can contribute to the breeding of modern roses. To explore the potential value of wild roses distributed in the Sichuan–Tibet region, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Rosa willmottiae flowers at three flowering stages (bud stage, initial flowering stage, full flowering stage). Meanwhile, we compared the VOCs of R. willmottiae with different phenotypes (double flowers and single flowers). A total of 74 volatile compounds were identified. The results show that the essential substances belong to alcohols and terpenoids. The main volatile organic compounds are 2-phenyl ethanol (20.49%), benzyl alcohol (10.69%), β-maaliene (8.66%), geranyl acetate (8.47%), and (+)-α-long pinene (6.127%). Different flowering stages had great influence on the volatile profile, from the bud stage to full flowering stage; the content of terpenoids released decreased by 6.17%, whereas alcohols and esters increased by 8.58% and 11.56%, respectively. The chemical diversity and the content of the main components with a different phenotype were not significantly different. Our result will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Rosa willmottiae in Sichuan and Tibet.     

多学科跨专业物理实验教学研究

本文以跨专业物理实验的教学实践为例,阐述了开设具有特色的适用多专业的实验内容,是实现素质教育的途径之一。     

Rational Design and Synthesis of HSF1-PROTACs for Anticancer Drug Development

PROTACs employ the proteosome-mediated proteolysis via E3 ligase and recruit the natural protein degradation machinery to selectively degrade the cancerous proteins. Herein, we have designed and synthesized heterobifunctional small molecules that consist of different linkers tethering KRIBB11, a HSF1 inhibitor, with pomalidomide, a commonly used E3 ligase ligand for anticancer drug development.     

Nanotechnology and the need for risk governance

After identifying the main characteristics and prospects of nanotechnology as an emerging technology, the paper presents the general risks associated with nanotechnology applications and the deficits of the risk governance process today, concluding with recommendations to governments, industry, international organizations and other stakeholders. The International Risk Governance Council (IRGC) has identified a governance gap between the requirements pertaining to the nano- rather than the micro-/macro- technologies. The novel attributes of nanotechnology demand different routes for risk-benefit assessment and risk management, and at present, nanotechnology innovation proceeds ahead of the policy and regulatory environment. In the shorter term, the governance gap is significant for those passive nanostructures that are currently in production and have high exposure rates; and is especially significant for the several ‘active’ nanoscale structures and nanosystems that we can expect to be on the market in the near future. Active nanoscale structures and nanosystems have the potential to affect not only human health and the environment but also aspects of social lifestyle, human identity and cultural values. The main recommendations of the report deal with selected higher risk nanotechnology applications, short- and long-term issues, and global models for nanotechnology governance.     

Electron phonon interactions and superconductivity in α ′ -TTF[Pd(dmit)2]2

A simple model is developed to understand superconductivity in α ^′ -TTF[Pd(dmit)₂]₂. We include electron-intra molecular and intermolecular phonon interactions as the mechanism of superconductivity. Intramolecular vibrations included are the eight symmetric A_g modes of the Pd(dmit)₂ molecule. Intermolecular vibrations included are the longitudinal acoustic and transverse acoustic (LA and TA) modes of the Pd(dmit)₂ column. All the electron-phonon coupling constants are calculated from first principles. We find that largest el-intramolecular vibration coupling is to the A_g mode with the highest frequency (1449 cm^-1). The el-intermolecular coupling to the LA mode is found to be larger than the total el-intramolecular couplings. We also find el-(TA)phonon coupling to be at least an order of magnitude smaller than el-(LA)phonon coupling. Estimate of superconducting transition temperature is comparable to experimental result. We also provide a detailed discussion, employing the results of recent numerical calculations on two-chain Hubbard model and the specific material parameters, on the relative importance of el-ph and Coulomb-origin mechanisms of superconductivity in α ^′ -TTF[Pd(dmit)₂]₂ and TTF[Ni(dmit) ₂ ] ₂ . Received 29 March 2001 and Received in final form 7 August 2001     

Using components of mathematical ability for initial development and identification of mathematically promising students

Kruteskii's work on the mathematical abilities of school children is a seminal work on the nature of mathematical ability. However, the task of developing methods for the practical application of his work is still a significant problem in mathematics education. The authors have developed a practical application of Kruteskii's approach to the important problem of initially developing components of mathematical ability in student and thereafter identifying mathematically promising students. Examples of problems that were designed to develop ability to generalize, flexibility and reversibility of mental processes are presented. A practical guide for determining the level of development of components of mathematical abilities in individual students, in terms of specified observables, is presented as a set of structured reference tables. The authors set out a practical application protocol that combines use of the tables and sets of specially developed problems for initial development of mathematical abilities prior to identification of mathematically promising students in the general classroom. A significant motivation for this work is the desire to avoid time-consuming and resource intensive practices such as interviews and summer schools which therefore have been used successfully because these practices are now out of reach for all but very wealthy countries or highly ideologically driven systems. On the other hand, special examinations heavily depend on the level of preparedness of the students for the particular examination, and therefore some students with high abilities but with fewer opportunities to prepare could be overlooked.     

含氟β-氨基酸及其衍生物的合成进展

含氟β-氨基酸及其衍生物具有特殊的生理活性, 其合成方法的研究近年来受到广泛关注. 以直接氟化法和间接氟化法分类, 概述了含氟β-氨基酸及其衍生物的合成方法及最新研究进展, 对一些已知化合物的生理活性及药用价值作了初步归纳.     

Development of new and robust LC-MS method for simultaneous quantification of polyphenols from Sambucus ebulus fruits

A new and simple LC-MS method for analysis of flavonoids from Sambucus ebulus berry extracts was developed and validated. Successfully were quantitated seven polyphenols: epicatechin, epigallocatechin gallate, rutin, resveratrol, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol.

Two detectors, working in parallel, were used: photodiode-array and single quadrupole mass-detector. The mass detection was used for identification and quantification of the analytes, while the diode-array detector was as confirmation tool. The following m/z were tracked: 457.15 (epigallocatechin gallate); 289.06 (epicatechin); 609.13 (rutin); 227.05 (resveratrol); 317.0 (myricetin); 301.02 (quercetin); 285.02 (kaempferol). For optimization the chromatographic separation three wavelengths 205?nm, 305?nm, 272?nm were monitored. The method was capable to detect in one run compounds with no UV or fluorescence chromophore and with very similar structures, such as plant polyphenols. The linearity was from 0.05?mg/L to 50?mg/L (R² 0.9962–0.9987). The recoveries for all tested analytes were between 81.6% and 104.7%.

The method was applied for analysis of crude extract of Sambucus ebulus ripe fruits. Three major polyphenols – epicatechin (0.84?mg/100gFW), quercetin (0.15?mg/100gFW) and kaempferol (0.05?mg/100gFW) were identified and quantified.

The proposed method could be successfully used for routine analysis of epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin, rutin, resveratrol, myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol in Sambucus ebulus extracts.     

聚焦变革中的催化——始终基于解决重大经济社会需求的催化工程问题（英文）

催化是化学工业中最重要和最普遍的跨学科技术,也是具有重要社会影响的学科之一,是一门基于应用、注重实践、与化学工程息息相关的学科.应用、实践是催化的根本,也是其生命力所在,其发展轨迹与人类的历史进程密不可分.从20世纪初Mittasch贡献的高效Fe基催化剂为氮基化肥的大规模推广奠定了基础,到60年代,分子筛裂化催化剂使汽油收率和辛烷值大幅提升,为交通运输业的大力发展奠定了能源基础,推动了交通运输业的革命.从齐格勒和纳塔TiCl_4-AlEt_3体系催化乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等在低压下高收率地聚合,生成分子结构高度规整的立体定向聚合物——聚烯烃,到汽车排气管中的Pt-Rh-Pd三效催化剂,可以通过氧化和还原反应,把废气中的烃类物质和CO转化为水和CO_2,同时把环境危害大的NO_x分解成无害的N_2和O_2,等等.这些催化的印记推动了产业变革和社会进步.可以说,无处不在的催化支撑了人类社会的发展.近年有些突破也发生在我国,使我们更加感受到催化的力量.催化科学与技术是极其复杂的.一方面表现在表面科学的知识和催化反应的物理化学现象建模,材料科学和无机化学以制备合适的纳米结构催化剂;另一方面表现在催化剂成型、反应动力学评价和催化过程建模.这两个方面均涉及原料多样性、催化材料多变性、化工工艺适应性、宏量制备放大效应,以及本征与表观性能关联等复杂问题.但是这些复杂性问题与催化发展的根本相比,或者说,与催化发展的核心驱动力相比,很显然,催化解决重大经济社会问题更应引起关注,这是催化的使命所在.目前,我国催化基础研究走在了世界前列,已经取得了重大突破,李灿等成功组织举办了第16届国际催化大会,包信和、孙予罕等科学家的一系列重大催化基础研究成果在Science、Nature等期刊上发表,李灿、包信和等多名科学家被国际催化相关学术组织颁发荣誉称号,张涛等人一系列重大成果被评为重要进展.与此同时,我国在煤制烃、油品质量升级以及绿色化工等能源化工催化方面取得了重大的工业化成果.这些走在世界前列的重大催化工业化成果驱动了我国经济社会发展.本文试图总结这些重大工业化催化成果,并基于经济社会发展提炼相关催化问题,探讨发展方向、路径与对策.