透明陶瓷的研究进展

透明陶瓷性能优异,应用广泛,是一类备受关注的新型材料.目前已经成功开发的透明陶瓷有氧化铝透明陶瓷、氧化钇透明陶瓷、氮化铝透明陶瓷以及PLZT电光透明陶瓷和激光透明陶瓷等.本文介绍了几种透明陶瓷的研究进展以及性能和应用,并且对透明陶瓷的研究趋势提出展望.     

In Silico Analysis of PORD Mutations on the 3D Structure of P450 Oxidoreductase

Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is a membrane-bound flavoprotein that helps in transferring electrons from its NADPH domain to all cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes. Mutations in the POR gene could severely affect the metabolism of steroid hormones and the development of skeletal muscles, a condition known as Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (PORD). PORD is associated with clinical presentations of disorders of sex development, Antley and Bixler’s syndrome (ABS), as well as an abnormal steroid hormone profile. We have performed an in silico analysis of POR 3D X-ray protein crystal structure to study the effects of reported mutations on the POR enzyme structure. A total of 32 missense mutations were identified, from 170 PORD patients, and mapped on the 3D crystal structure of the POR enzyme. In addition, five of the missense mutations (R457H, A287P, D210G, Y181D and Y607C) were further selected for an in-depth in silico analysis to correlate the observed changes in POR protein structure with the clinical phenotypes observed in PORD patients. Overall, missense mutations found in the binding sites of POR cofactors could lead to a severe form of PORD, emphasizing the importance of POR cofactor binding domains in transferring electrons to the CYP450 enzyme family.     

Open-Source Browser-Based Tools for Structure-Based Computer-Aided Drug Discovery

We here outline the importance of open-source, accessible tools for computer-aided drug discovery (CADD). We begin with a discussion of drug discovery in general to provide context for a subsequent discussion of structure-based CADD applied to small-molecule ligand discovery. Next, we identify usability challenges common to many open-source CADD tools. To address these challenges, we propose a browser-based approach to CADD tool deployment in which CADD calculations run in modern web browsers on users’ local computers. The browser app approach eliminates the need for user-initiated download and installation, ensures broad operating system compatibility, enables easy updates, and provides a user-friendly graphical user interface. Unlike server apps—which run calculations “in the cloud” rather than on users’ local computers—browser apps do not require users to upload proprietary information to a third-party (remote) server. They also eliminate the need for the difficult-to-maintain computer infrastructure required to run user-initiated calculations remotely. We conclude by describing some CADD browser apps developed in our lab, which illustrate the utility of this approach. Aside from introducing readers to these specific tools, we are hopeful that this review highlights the need for additional browser-compatible, user-friendly CADD software.     

近江牡蛎受精细胞学研究

用醋酸──地衣红染色的方法对近江牡蛎人工授精的卵子减数分裂和受精过程进行了详细的细胞学观察．精子入卵前，卵子处于第一次减数分裂的前期（胚泡期），精子入卵后，胚泡消失，然后进行两次减数分裂，在海水温度为２８．８℃的情况下，授精后３３ｍｉｎ和４５ｍｉｎ，绝大部分受精卵已排出第一极体和第二极体，雄原核可在第一极体排出后及第二极体排出前任何时期内形成，雌雄原核以联合的方式将两组染色体合并，授精后１ｈ，大部分卵子完成第一次卵裂．在２５℃和２６℃授精的情况下，观察到了较多的多精入卵的现象．卵子发育的非同步性现象非常明显．     

第十讲数字信号处理与数字信号处理器(DSP)

文章简要介绍了“数字信号处理”与“数字信号处理器（DSP）”的发展历史．在数字信号处理的应用中，实时实现是非常重要的，而DSP在实时处理中，扮演了一个重要的角色．文章中还介绍了DSP在实际应用中的一些关键技术，例如DSP的种类和选型，DSP的开发工具，实时软件的开发过程等．最后，还介绍了一些DSP的应用实例，如语音编码器，视频电话和视频会议系统，用于雷达和声纳的DSP并行处理系统     

基于储量结构变化的油田开发指标预测与优化数学模型研究

大型油田开发过程中,随着不同类型新储量的不断投入,地质储量结构发生变化,表征油田整体开发技术与经济效果的关键性指标,如产量、可采储量、采收率、储采比、开发成本与操作成本等等也随之改变,其变化规律可用一套数学模型来描述。在开发指标预测基础上,运用多属性决策方法如TOPSIS,可以实现新投产区块组合方案的优选。应用实例表明,本文方法实用、操作性强,可以为油区开发决策提供重要方法与手段。     

发展经济学的演变、行为转向及其当代意义

发展经济学是经济学的一个重要分支,往往会受到不同经济学流派的影响。通过考察发展经济学的演变过程,可以揭示新古典发展经济学、政府主导发展经济学、新制度发展经济学和不完全信息发展经济学之间的异同点。由于现有新古典传统下的经济发展理论都没有涉及信息处理不完美或心理维度问题,因此有必要重点探讨行为经济学对发展经济学的心理或行为的作用机制。因心理账户、默认规则和认知偏差等非理性行为系统性偏离经济人模型,从而对当代经济发展会产生重大的影响。综合研究表明,行为失灵与市场失灵、交易成本和信息不对称等经济理论形成的互补认识,摆脱了自由市场和政府主导的简单两分法,更全面认识到政府在经济和社会发展中的助推作用,为有效市场与有为政府“两只手”有机结合奠定新的微观基础,也进一步丰富了发展经济学的理论研究视野,为新时代推动经济高质量发展提供新的政策启示。     

马克思的制度经济思想再认识

在当代经济学的语境下,本文从一种广义的制度分析新视角,首次重新解读了马克思（以及恩格斯）著作中的制度经济论述。通过深入细致的思想梳理、观点辨析、理论提炼与重构工作发现,马克思的经济学是经济思想史上第一个重要的制度经济学分析体系。这一分析体系既包含有关社会经济制度问题的基本概念与原理的“一般性分析”,也包括关于资本主义市场经济制度的历史特性的“专门性分析”。两个分析层次之间具有内在的逻辑联系,反映了从“一般”到“特殊”的创新性理论演绎思路。对马克思的制度经济学分析体系的重新发掘与提炼表明,马克思的制度经济思想不仅在制度经济思想史上占具至关重要的地位,而且对于丰富和推进当代制度经济理论发展也具有重要的学术启示与借鉴意义。     

基于证据推理的电化学综合实验探究

盐桥的作用众所周知,如果“将铜锌双液原电池的盐桥换成铜片后,电路中还有电流吗?两液中的铜片到底发生了什么反应?”,基于这些问题,开发了一系列实验,利用观察到的各种证据,如:生成的沉淀、溶液颜色的变化、电极质量的改变、溶液pH和电流计指针偏转方向等,引导学生对各个电极变化的反应进行假设,并设计新颖实验逐步探究证实,依据宏...     

Sealed Sources. Some Aspects of Development and Production in the German Democratic Republic

Industrially advanced countries and inereasingly also agricultural countries today use radioisotopes as labelled compounds or scaled sources in order to solve their scientific and technological problems.