Multiple optical line traps using a single phase-only rectangular ridge

An optical line trap has the ability to simultaneously trap and align microparticles in line formation due to its intensity profile. In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward means to generate multiple optical line traps by simply placing a phase-only rectangular ridge in the path of a laser beam. By carefully positioning the rectangular ridge, we were able to control the separation between the optical trapping lines, which were then used to create multiple line formations of trapped particles. The simplicity of the proposed technique lends itself to the realization of a highly efficient optical line trap converter for easy modification of existing optical microscopes.     

MAD: practical implementation of MCAO concepts

The European Southern Observatory (ESO) together with external research institutes have built a Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) Demonstrator (MAD) to perform wide field-of-view adaptive optics correction (2′ in K band). The aim of MAD is to demonstrate the on-sky feasibility of the MCAO technique and to evaluate its critical aspects in the framework of both the 2nd generation instrumentation for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the Overwhelmingly Large Telescope (OWL). The MAD module will be installed on the VLT to perform on-sky observations. MAD comprises two deformable mirrors and two different multi-reference wavefront sensors with natural guide stars. In this article we present the MAD design, some aspects of the MAD calibration and the first closed-loop results in the laboratory in Single Conjugated Adaptive Optics (SCAO) and Ground Layer Adaptive Optics (GLAO) configurations. To cite this article: E. Marchetti et al., C. R. Physique 6 (2005).     

低能电子碰撞Ar(e, 3e)双电离实验

通过Ar(e, 3e)五重微分截面3维图的理论与实验比较发现, 在低能电子入射的情况下, 理论与实验存在较大的偏差.     

一类间断非线性微分方程的泛函边值问题

研究了一类间断非线性常微分方程泛函边值问题。利用微分不等式理论得到了问题的渐近解。     

对流方程的两个高精度差分格式

This paper gives two patterns of high exact difference in solving convection equation. The er-ror of cut section is to O( △t^2 △x^4 ).     

Utilisation des alcoxytrialkylaluminates en synthese asymetrique: Synthese de l'acide hydroxy-2, methyl-2 butanoique enantiomeriquement enrichi en R ou S

The reaction of LiAlEt₃OR★ with (?)-menthyl pyruvate (R★OH = (?)-<em>Nem>-methylephedrine) and with (+)-menthyl pyruvate (R★OH = (+)-<em>Nem>-methylephedrine) in hexane/ether as solvent produces the corresponding 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoic acids enriched in <em>Sem>- or <em>Rem>-enantiomers, respectively, with an enantiomeric excess close to 60%.     

空心原子的K-x射线谱

报道了利用兰州重离子加速器国家实验室ECR离子源首次引出的全裸Ar离子和类氢、类氦、类锂Ar离子与Be固体表面相互作用形成的空心原子x射线实验测量结果.结果发现，同样条件下，由于K壳层电子的剥离，Ar的K-x射线单离子发射产额增加了5个量级，约为36×10-3每原子；而当L壳层存在电子时，Ar的K-x射线几乎观测不到. 关键词： 高电荷态离子 空心原子 x射线 单离子产额     

Dispersion forces effects in the instability of polymer films

We have investigated the dispersion forces effects in the instability of polystyrene films within the framework of the frequency-dependent theory. The calculated results of excess free energy, wavelength and growth rate show that the stability of the film can be tuned by the properties and the variation of the thickness of the coating. As the film thickness increases, the retardation effects can be significant and the full results of free energy must be used to deal with the instability of the polystyrene films.     

Investigation of Dynamic Behavior in 1D Non-uniform Granular System

We present a non-uniform granular system in one-dimensional case, whose granularity distribution has the fractal characteristic. The particles are subject to inelastic mutual collisions and obey Langevin equation between collisions. By Monte Carlo simulation we study the dynamic actions of the system. Far from the equilibrium, i.e., τ 〉〉 τe, the results of simulation indicate that the inhomogeneity of the system and the inelasticity of the particles have great influences on the dynamic properties of the system, and correspondingly the influence of the inhomogeneity is more significant.     

Patent tactics in molecular diversity: Things that get around,come around (Or: There are always exceptions to the rule)

Certain activities which would constitute infringement of a U.S. patent can come within a statutory exemption when the activity is carried out to obtain FDA approval. Exemptions to infringement provided by 35 U.S.C. &sect;271(e)(1) are discussed along with recent cases interpreting this statute. The evolution of the statute in providing an exemption to activities necessary to obtain FDA marketing approval is described to provide background, legislative intent and show a comparative of the law before and after 1984 when 271(e)(1) was enacted. By analyzing recent cases, criteria for qualifying an activity as exempt from infringement are described – as are activities that do not qualify for the 271(e)(1) exemption. Overall there appears to be a trend to more broadly allowing for activities to qualify as exempt from infringement. This trend may affect the value of patents and determine which technologies a company will seek patent protection on.