Pulsed-field separation of particles in a microfluidic device

We demonstrate the proof-of-principle of a new separation concept for micrometer-sized particles in a structured microfluidic device. Under the action of externally applied, periodic voltage-pulses two different species of like-charged polystyrene beads are observed to simultaneously migrate into opposite directions. Based on a theoretical model of the particle motion in the microdevice that shows good agreement with the experimental measurements, the underlying separation mechanism is identified and explained. Potential biophysical applications, such as cell sorting, are briefly addressed.     

Geometric phase in a composite system subjected to decoherence

In this paper, we investigate the geometric phase of a composite system which is composed of two spin- particles driven by a time-varying magnetic field. Firstly, we consider the special case that only one subsystem driven by time-varying magnetic field. Using the quantum jump approach, we calculate the geometric phase associated with the adiabatic evolution of the system subjected to decoherence. The results show that the lowest order corrections to the phase in the no-jump trajectory is only quadratic in decoherence coefficient. Then, both subsystem driven by time-varying magnetic field is considered, we show that the geometric phase is related to the exchange-interaction coefficient and polar angle of the magnetic field.     

非保守动力学系统Noether对称性的摄动与绝热不变量

基于非保守系统的El-Nabulsi动力学模型, 研究了非保守动力学系统Noether对称性的摄动与绝热不变量问题.首先, 引入El-Nabulsi在分数阶微积分框架下基于Riemann-Liouville分数阶积分提出的类分数阶变分问题, 列出非保守系统的Euler-Lagrange方程; 其次, 给出了Noether准对称变换的定义和判据, 建立了Noether对称性与不变量之间的关系, 得到了精确不变量; 最后, 提出并研究了该系统受小扰动作用后Noether对称性的摄动与绝热不变量问题, 证明了绝热不变量存在的条件及形式, 并举例证明结果的应用. 关键词： 非保守系统 El-Nabulsi动力学模型 对称性摄动 绝热不变量     

Thermal noise limit in measuring the gravitational constant G using the angular acceleration method and the dynamic deflection method

A general comparison is made between two methods of measuring the gravitational constant G. The angular acceleration method can avoid the anelasticity effect since the torsion fiber is not twisted. The dynamic deflection method is similar in principle but it does not use feedback, therefore a major noise introduced by the feedback control system in the angular acceleration method can be avoided. Both methods have their advantages and can be performed with the same device. Based on different expressions of G, we have expressed the signal-to-noise ratio and calculated the thermal noise limit for both methods. In order to get a lower thermal noise limit, the dynamic deflection method should avoid resonance.     

The Formation of Porous Membranes by Filtration of Aerosol Nanoparticles

Flame-generated aerosol particles of Al₂O₃ were deposited by gas filtration on two types of porous and ceramic tubes of -Al₂O₃ with mean pore diameters of 450 and 2700nm, respectively. The particles were aggregates with average mobility diameters in the range of 30–100nm and primary particle diameters of 4–8nm. The particles are characterized by differential mobility analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and by their specific surface area. The deposited membranes are characterized by gas permeability measurements, scanning electron microscopy, and by their pore size distribution from nitrogen capillary condensation. The particles form a distinct, homogeneous membrane layer with a porosity of 90% on top of the substrate surface and only penetrate slightly into the substrate structure. The mean pore sizes of the deposited membranes determined by nitrogen condensation agree approximately with those determined by gas permeation and the specific surface area. The mean pore diameter varies in the range of 30–70nm. The gas permeability of the deposited membranes is related to the specific surface area but influenced by the high porosity. The mean pore size and the permeability of the membranes are almost independent of the substrate structure.The development of a membrane with uniform properties is preceded by a short initial period in which the deposited particles, with an equivalent membrane thickness of roughly 2m, have a significantly lower permeability than the ultimately developed uniform membrane layer. This effect is particularly significant for the aerosol particles with the lowest mean size, probably due to particles deposited in the pore mouths of the substrate.The particles and the deposited membranes are X-ray amorphous but retain their specific surface area on heating to even high temperatures. When the membranes are heated to 1473K for 10h, X-ray diffraction shows a mixture of - and -alumina, accompanied by a partial disintegration of the membrane and a considerable loss of surface area.     

单光束互相关法测量高浓度纳米颗粒粒径

针对光子相关光谱法不能测量高浓度纳米颗粒粒径和双光束互相关测量法装置结构过于复杂等问题,提出了一种基于范西特-泽尼克定理的单光束互相关法。首先分析了传统双光束互相关法存在的问题,然后根据范西特-泽尼克定理建立了单光束互相关测量法的模型,设计完成了单光束互相关颗粒粒度测量装置,最后对各种浓度不同粒径的颗粒进行了测量。实验证明,单光束互相关法能有效抑制多重散射的影响,适用于测量高浓度纳米颗粒粒径。     

高温、高压、高应变速率动态过程晶体塑性有限元理论模型及其应用

对于高温、高压、高应变速率加载条件下的材料冲击变形行为,动态晶体塑性模型能够直接反映晶体中塑性滑移的各向异性及其对温度、压力和微观组织结构的依赖性,因而广泛应用于材料的动态冲击力学响应、微观结构演化以及动态损伤破坏的模拟。本文综述了高压冲击下动态晶体塑性有限元的理论模型,主要包括变形运动学、包含状态方程的超弹性本构模型和晶体塑性本构模型,涉及位错滑移、相变、孪生等塑性变形机制,以及层裂、绝热剪切带等动态破坏方式。     

A nonextensive approach to the dynamics of financial observables

We present results about financial market observables, specifically returns and traded volumes. They are obtained within the current nonextensive statistical mechanical framework based on the entropy . More precisely, we present stochastic dynamical mechanisms which mimic probability density functions empirically observed. These mechanisms provide possible interpretations for the emergence of the entropic indices q in the time evolution of the corresponding observables. In addition to this, through multi-fractal analysis of return time series, we verify that the dual relation q_stat+q_sens=2 is numerically satisfied, q_stat and q_sens being associated to the probability density function and to the sensitivity to initial conditions respectively. This type of simple relation, whose understanding remains ellusive, has been empirically verified in various other systems.     

Emergence of bimodality in noisy systems with single-well potential

We study the stationary probability density of a Brownian particle in a potential with a single-well subject to the purely additive thermal and dichotomous noise sources. We find situations where bimodality of stationary densities emerges due to presence of dichotomous noise. The solutions are constructed using stochastic dynamics (Langevin equation) or by discretization of the corresponding Fokker-Planck equations. We find that in models with both noises being additive the potential has to grow faster than |x| in order to obtain bimodality. For potentials ∝|x| stationary solutions are always of the double exponential form.