热管堆在不同基体材料下的燃耗特性分析北大核心CSCD

热管冷却核反应堆具有非能动传热、模块化和固有安全性高等特点,在航空探索、深海作业和偏远地区电力市场上有广泛的应用。以洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室开发的5 MWth热管堆为研究对象,选择SS-316,Mo-14Re和SiC作为基体候选材料,采用反应堆蒙特卡罗中子输运分析程序对比分析了以上三种基体堆芯的反应性、中子能谱、增殖性能和燃耗演化。结果表明:为了维持堆芯的10年运行,SS-316,Mo-14Re和SiC三种基体堆芯所需的初始燃料235U富集度分别约为19.35%,28.80%和17.10%,SiC基体堆芯所需的初始燃料235U富集度最小;10年后,SiC基体堆芯产生的易裂变核素(239Pu和241Pu)和次锕系核素(通过分离嬗变可被再次利用)的量最高,分别约为11.91 kg和92.08 g。综合以上研究结果,推荐SiC作为热管冷却核反应堆的基体。     

Spin-phonon coupling induced frustration in the exactly solved spin-1/2 Ising model on a decorated planar lattice

Spin-1/2 Ising model with a spin-phonon coupling on decorated planar lattices partially amenable to lattice vibrations is examined using the decoration-iteration transformation and harmonic approximation. It is shown that the magnetoelastic coupling gives rise to an effective antiferromagnetic next-nearest-neighbour interaction, which competes with the nearest-neighbour interaction and is responsible for a frustration of decorating spins. A strong enough spin-phonon coupling consequently leads to an appearance of striking partially ordered and partially disordered phase, where a perfect antiferromagnetic alignment of nodal spins is accompanied with a complete disorder of decorating spins. Thermal dependences of the specific heat are explored in detail.     

DC current effect on the magnetic phase and transport properties of polycrystalline La0.7Ca0.3MnO3

The influence of DC current on the resistivity and phase transition of polycrystalline La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ has been investigated. The specific heat measurement found that charge carriers and ferromagnetic spin-wave contributions were changed after applied DC current. Applying high electric fields leads to the formation of ferromagnetic regions. The resistivity drops abruptly once the percolating current path is established. As current through the sample disappears, the larger ferromagnetic (FM) clusters, however, remain and are frozen in giving a measurable contribution to the specific heat of the system. The larger clusters should give rise to the value of spin-wave stiffness constant (D), as it is expected to increase the strength of the ferromagnetic coupling. The metallic ferromagnetic regions would make the charge carrier delocalization and attribute to specific heat linear term γ.     

A Complexo-Ion Exchange Method for the Sensitive and Selective Detection Of Iron (III) and Molybdenum(VI) on Antimony(V) Silicate Beads

Abstract

A highly sensitive and selective spot test method has been developed for iron(III) and molybdenum(VI) with a limit of detection 0.01 μg per 0.02 ml and 0.001 μg per 0.02 ml for Fe(III) and Mo(VI) respectively on the beads of antimony(V) silicate cation exchanger. The method utilizes the adsorption ion-exchange properties of antimony(V) silicate and the complex forming ability of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate.     

Some properties of strong solutions to nonlinear heat and moisture transport in multi-layer porous structures

The present paper deals with mathematical models of heat and moisture transport in layered building envelopes. The study of such processes generates a system of two doubly nonlinear evolution partial differential equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions. The existence of the strong solution in two dimensions for a (short) time interval is proven. The proof rests on regularity results of elliptic transmission problem for isotropic composite materials.     

Phonon relaxation and heat conduction in one-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam β lattices by molecular dynamics simulations

The phonon relaxation and heat conduction in one-dimensional Fermi-Pasta-Ulam (FPU) β lattices are studied by using molecular dynamics simulations.The phonon relaxation rate,which dominates the length dependence of the FPU β lattice,is first calculated from the energy autocorrelation function for different modes at various temperatures through equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations.We find that the relaxation rate as a function of wave number k is proportional to k 1.688,which leads to a N 0.41 divergence of the thermal conductivity in the framework of Green-Kubo relation.This is also in good agreement with the data obtained by non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations which estimate the length dependence exponent of the thermal conductivity as 0.415.Our results confirm the N 2/5 divergence in one-dimensional FPU β lattices.The effects of the heat flux on the thermal conductivity are also studied by imposing different temperature differences on the two ends of the lattices.We find that the thermal conductivity is insensitive to the heat flux under our simulation conditions.It implies that the linear response theory is applicable towards the heat conduction in one-dimensional FPU β lattices.     

Heat Modulation on Target Thermal Bath via Coherent Auxiliary Bath

We study a scheme of thermal management where a three-qubit system assisted with a coherent auxiliary bath (CAB) is employed to implement heat management on a target thermal bath (TTB). We consider the CAB/TTB being ensemble of coherent/thermal two-level atoms (TLAs), and within the framework of collision model investigate the characteristics of steady heat current (also called target heat current (THC)) between the system and the TTB. It demonstrates that with the help of the quantum coherence of ancillae the magnitude and direction of heat current can be controlled only by adjusting the coupling strength of system-CAB. Meanwhile, we also show that the influences of quantum coherence of ancillae on the heat current strongly depend on the coupling strength of system—CAB, and the THC becomes positively/negatively correlated with the coherence magnitude of ancillae when the coupling strength below/over some critical value. Besides, the system with the CAB could serve as a multifunctional device integrating the thermal functions of heat amplifier, suppressor, switcher and refrigerator, while with thermal auxiliary bath it can only work as a thermal suppressor. Our work provides a new perspective for the design of multifunctional thermal device utilizing the resource of quantum coherence from the CAB.     

渐进密度AESO方法及其在热传导结构拓扑优化中的应用

研究用于结构拓扑优化的基于材料添加策略的进化算法(AESO方法).基于进化算法的思想,利用单元材料相对密度的变化描述材料的添加(从O到1)或删除(从1到O).当某些单元满足进化准则时,单元的相对密度进行O-1交化.研究发现.基于一步变化策略的AESO方法往往不能获得正确的拓扑形式,其原因可能是,进化后的响应量是基于密度为O或很小时的敏度经线性近似获得的,与实际相差很大.这种敏度的计算误差问题在ESO、BESO等硬杀算法中都存在.本文提出将进化过程分成多步,以软杀的思想进行硬杀优化,即使材料密度逐渐由O变化到1,实现材料的逐步添加.基于该策略,提出了渐进密度AESO方法,并比较分析了这种逐步添加的做法对结果的影响.算例验证了该方法的正确性和有效性.渐进密度AESO方法为双向进化算法(BESO)提供了有效的进化(材料添加)策略.     

广义不可逆Braysson热机的性能优化

建立了一个考虑热阻、热漏和内不可逆性且热源和工质之间满足牛顿传热规律的不可逆Braysson热机模型。导出了该模型下输出功率、效率和生态学目标函数的表达式。计算了最大输出功率、最大效率和最大生态学目标函数及它们对应的参数值并通过图来反映它们的变化情况。讨论了热漏、内不可逆性对该热机各种性能参数的影响同时给出了一些重要参数的优化范围。所得结果对实际Braysson热机的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

一种能克服两方程湍流模型刚性的流热一体化算法

使用流热一体化算法解决传统耦合算法难于处理的流场与固体温度场耦合计算问题.为保证其计算效率,提出一个简单有效的方法用以克服两方程湍流模型刚性.给出该方法的理论证明,并验证其配合多重网格提高LUSGS隐式时间推进法的计算效率.